Quadratic vector fields in class I.
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| Title: | Quadratic vector fields in class I. |
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| Authors: | Carles Artés, Joan1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Hebai2 (AUTHOR), Manel Ferrer, Lluc1 (AUTHOR), Jia, Man2 (AUTHOR) jiaman9305@163.com |
| Source: | Dynamical Systems: An International Journal. Jun2025, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p191-222. 32p. |
| Subjects: | Vector fields, Quadratic fields, Symbolic computation, Projective spaces, Numerical calculations, Limit cycles, Bifurcation diagrams |
| Abstract: | In [Ye et al., Theory of Limit Cycles, 1986], quadratic systems are classified into three different normal forms (I, II and III) with increasing number of parameters. The simplest family is I and even several subfamilies of it have been studied, and some global attempts have been done, up to this paper, the full study was still undone. In this article, we make an interdisciplinary global study of Class I. Since the family has four parameters, we have studied it using the same technique that has already been used in several papers with similar systems which is based on the algebraic invariants of the Sibirskii's school. The bifurcation diagram for this class, done in the adequate parameter space which is the 3-dimensional real projective space, is quite rich in its complexity and yields 261 subsets with 49 different phase portraits for Class I (2 of them corresponding to linear systems), 7 of which have limit cycles. The phase portraits are always represented in the Poincaré disc. The bifurcation set is formed by an algebraic set of bifurcations of singularities, finite or infinite and by an analytic set of curves corresponding to phase portraits which have separatrix connections. Algebraic invariants were needed to construct the algebraic part of the bifurcation set, symbolic computations to deal with some quite complex invariants and numerical calculations to determine the position of the analytic bifurcation set of connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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