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The effect of BaZrO3 content on the structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of (K, Na)NbO3-based lead-free ceramics.

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Title: The effect of BaZrO3 content on the structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of (K, Na)NbO3-based lead-free ceramics.
Authors: Vuong, Le Dai1 (AUTHOR) ldvuong@hueuni.edu.vn, Cuong, Ngo Xuan1 (AUTHOR), Lich, Nguyen Quang1 (AUTHOR), Nhat, Nguyen Dang1 (AUTHOR), Hieu, Le Dinh1 (AUTHOR), Nha, Vo Quang1 (AUTHOR), Tu, Le Tran Uyen2 (AUTHOR), Van Tan, Le2,3 (AUTHOR), Dat, Trinh Ngoc4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing. May2025, Vol. 131 Issue 5, p1-11. 11p.
Subjects: Ceramic engineering, Ceramic materials, Raman scattering, Scanning electron microscopy, Permittivity
Abstract: This study used two-step sintering to prepare lead-free (1–x)[(K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3]– xBaZrO3 [(1–x)KNNST–xBZ] ceramic samples with x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, and 0.060. The influence of the content of BaZrO3 (BZ) on the structure, microstructure, and physical properties of the (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 (KNLNS) ceramic was studied in detail. Experimental results showed that the KNLNS crystal structure transformed from the orthorhombic phase to a rhombohedral phase to construct the new phase boundary near room temperature for 0.03 ≤ x ≤0.045, improving the electrical properties of the ceramic at the optimized BZ content. Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the electrical properties of the samples showed that the optimal BZ content was 0.03 mol, corresponding to the solubility limit of Ba2+ and Zr4+ ions in the KNLNS ceramics. Furthermore, substituting Ba2+ and Zr4+ at the A- and B-site induced lattice distortion in the (1–x)KNLNS– xBZ structure to increase the relaxation behavior and decrease the TO−T values sharply to 45 °C, which was the optimum poling condition that could develop the possible piezoelectric properties. At the optimized BZ content of 0.03 mol, the 0.97KNNST– 0.03BZ ceramic had the best electrical properties: density = 4.56 g/cm3, dielectric constant (εr) = 1130, electromechanical coupling factors kp = 0.39 and kt = 0.40, piezoelectric constant (d33) = 225 pC/N, remanent polarization (Pr) = 15.2 µC/cm2, and normalized strain (d33*) = 470 pm/V. The highest Qm value of 102 was for 0.045 mol BZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The effect of BaZrO<subscript>3</subscript> content on the structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of (K, Na)NbO<subscript>3</subscript>-based lead-free ceramics.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Physics+A%3A+Materials+Science+%26+Processing%22">Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 131 Issue 5, p1-11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ceramic+engineering%22">Ceramic engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ceramic+materials%22">Ceramic materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raman+scattering%22">Raman scattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Permittivity%22">Permittivity</searchLink>
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  Data: This study used two-step sintering to prepare lead-free (1–x)[(K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3]– xBaZrO3 [(1–x)KNNST–xBZ] ceramic samples with x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, and 0.060. The influence of the content of BaZrO3 (BZ) on the structure, microstructure, and physical properties of the (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 (KNLNS) ceramic was studied in detail. Experimental results showed that the KNLNS crystal structure transformed from the orthorhombic phase to a rhombohedral phase to construct the new phase boundary near room temperature for 0.03 ≤ x ≤0.045, improving the electrical properties of the ceramic at the optimized BZ content. Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the electrical properties of the samples showed that the optimal BZ content was 0.03 mol, corresponding to the solubility limit of Ba2+ and Zr4+ ions in the KNLNS ceramics. Furthermore, substituting Ba2+ and Zr4+ at the A- and B-site induced lattice distortion in the (1–x)KNLNS– xBZ structure to increase the relaxation behavior and decrease the TO−T values sharply to 45 °C, which was the optimum poling condition that could develop the possible piezoelectric properties. At the optimized BZ content of 0.03 mol, the 0.97KNNST– 0.03BZ ceramic had the best electrical properties: density = 4.56 g/cm3, dielectric constant (εr) = 1130, electromechanical coupling factors kp = 0.39 and kt = 0.40, piezoelectric constant (d33) = 225 pC/N, remanent polarization (Pr) = 15.2 µC/cm2, and normalized strain (d33*) = 470 pm/V. The highest Qm value of 102 was for 0.045 mol BZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00339-025-08517-8
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Raman scattering
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