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A quantitative solar ultraviolet radiation job-exposure matrix for Europe.

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Title: A quantitative solar ultraviolet radiation job-exposure matrix for Europe.
Authors: Würtz, Else T1, Pugdahl, Kirsten1, Fenger-Grøn, Morten1,2, Berglind, Ina A3, Cherrie, Mark P C4, Dahlman-Höglund, Anna5, Grandahl, Kasper6, Macan, Jelena7, Modenese, Alberto8, Notø, Hilde9, Solovieva, Svetlana10, Straif, Kurt11,12, Wittlich, Marc13, Connemann, Sven13, Heepenstrick, Timo13, Philipsen, Peter A14, Westerhausen, Stephan13, Ge, Calvin B15, Hansen, Johnni16, Peters, Cheryl E17,18
Source: Annals of Work Exposures & Health. May2025, Vol. 69 Issue 4, p415-428. 14p.
Subjects: Statistical models, Nature, Occupations, Erythema, Research funding, Radiation, Cataract, Ultraviolet radiation, Population geography, Occupational exposure, Labor supply, Industrial hygiene, Disease risk factors
Geographic Terms: Finland, Denmark, Italy, Croatia, Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Europe
Abstract: Introduction Outdoor workers are exposed to high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR causes skin cancer and is a risk factor for cataract and other short- and long-term health effects, but there are significant knowledge gaps regarding the exposure-response relations based on quantitative measures of UVR exposure. We developed a quantitative UVR job-exposure matrix (JEM) for the general working population of Europe. Methods Three experts from each of Northern, Central, and Southern Europe rated duration of outdoor work for all 372 occupations defined by the International Standard Classification of Occupations from 1988 (ISCO-88(COM)). A systematic literature search identified 12 studies providing 223 sets of summary workday UVR exposure for 49 ISCO-88(COM) occupations based on 75,711 personal workday measurements obtained from 2,645 participants and reported as arithmetic mean standard erythemal dose (SED). We combined the expert ratings with the measured occupational UVR exposure data and estimated harmonized workday UVR exposures for all 372 occupations in a linear mixed effects model. Results Monotonically increasing workday UVR exposure of 0.68, 1.57, 1.80, and 2.49 SED were seen by increasing expert ratings of 0, 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and ≥5 h of daily outdoor work. The UVR exposure showed a 6-fold increase from lowest to highest exposed occupation. Farm hands, roofers, concrete placers, and other occupations within craft and related trades were among the highest exposed, while bartenders, wood-processing-plant operators, and several white-collar occupations who typically work indoor were among the lowest exposed. Conclusion This quantitative JEM for solar UVR exposure proves able to provide substantial discrimination between occupations, shows good agreement with expert assessments, and may facilitate epidemiological studies characterizing the exposure-response relation between occupational solar UVR exposure and different health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of Work Exposures & Health is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A quantitative solar ultraviolet radiation job-exposure matrix for Europe.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Würtz%2C+Else+T%22">Würtz, Else T</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pugdahl%2C+Kirsten%22">Pugdahl, Kirsten</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fenger-Grøn%2C+Morten%22">Fenger-Grøn, Morten</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berglind%2C+Ina+A%22">Berglind, Ina A</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cherrie%2C+Mark+P+C%22">Cherrie, Mark P C</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dahlman-Höglund%2C+Anna%22">Dahlman-Höglund, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grandahl%2C+Kasper%22">Grandahl, Kasper</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Macan%2C+Jelena%22">Macan, Jelena</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Modenese%2C+Alberto%22">Modenese, Alberto</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Notø%2C+Hilde%22">Notø, Hilde</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Solovieva%2C+Svetlana%22">Solovieva, Svetlana</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Straif%2C+Kurt%22">Straif, Kurt</searchLink><relatesTo>11,12</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wittlich%2C+Marc%22">Wittlich, Marc</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Connemann%2C+Sven%22">Connemann, Sven</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heepenstrick%2C+Timo%22">Heepenstrick, Timo</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Philipsen%2C+Peter+A%22">Philipsen, Peter A</searchLink><relatesTo>14</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Westerhausen%2C+Stephan%22">Westerhausen, Stephan</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ge%2C+Calvin+B%22">Ge, Calvin B</searchLink><relatesTo>15</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hansen%2C+Johnni%22">Hansen, Johnni</searchLink><relatesTo>16</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peters%2C+Cheryl+E%22">Peters, Cheryl E</searchLink><relatesTo>17,18</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+Work+Exposures+%26+Health%22">Annals of Work Exposures & Health</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 69 Issue 4, p415-428. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+models%22">Statistical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Occupations%22">Occupations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Erythema%22">Erythema</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation%22">Radiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cataract%22">Cataract</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ultraviolet+radiation%22">Ultraviolet radiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+geography%22">Population geography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Occupational+exposure%22">Occupational exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labor+supply%22">Labor supply</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+hygiene%22">Industrial hygiene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+risk+factors%22">Disease risk factors</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finland%22">Finland</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Denmark%22">Denmark</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Italy%22">Italy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Croatia%22">Croatia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germany%22">Germany</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Norway%22">Norway</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sweden%22">Sweden</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Europe%22">Europe</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Introduction Outdoor workers are exposed to high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR causes skin cancer and is a risk factor for cataract and other short- and long-term health effects, but there are significant knowledge gaps regarding the exposure-response relations based on quantitative measures of UVR exposure. We developed a quantitative UVR job-exposure matrix (JEM) for the general working population of Europe. Methods Three experts from each of Northern, Central, and Southern Europe rated duration of outdoor work for all 372 occupations defined by the International Standard Classification of Occupations from 1988 (ISCO-88(COM)). A systematic literature search identified 12 studies providing 223 sets of summary workday UVR exposure for 49 ISCO-88(COM) occupations based on 75,711 personal workday measurements obtained from 2,645 participants and reported as arithmetic mean standard erythemal dose (SED). We combined the expert ratings with the measured occupational UVR exposure data and estimated harmonized workday UVR exposures for all 372 occupations in a linear mixed effects model. Results Monotonically increasing workday UVR exposure of 0.68, 1.57, 1.80, and 2.49 SED were seen by increasing expert ratings of 0, 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and ≥5 h of daily outdoor work. The UVR exposure showed a 6-fold increase from lowest to highest exposed occupation. Farm hands, roofers, concrete placers, and other occupations within craft and related trades were among the highest exposed, while bartenders, wood-processing-plant operators, and several white-collar occupations who typically work indoor were among the lowest exposed. Conclusion This quantitative JEM for solar UVR exposure proves able to provide substantial discrimination between occupations, shows good agreement with expert assessments, and may facilitate epidemiological studies characterizing the exposure-response relation between occupational solar UVR exposure and different health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of Work Exposures & Health is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1093/annweh/wxaf011
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