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Experimental analysis of tensor LMS for determining the long-range outdoor acoustic transfer function.

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Title: Experimental analysis of tensor LMS for determining the long-range outdoor acoustic transfer function.
Authors: Hussain, Hammad1 (AUTHOR) hammad.hussain@ntnu.no, Moinuddin, Muhammad2 (AUTHOR), Dutilleux, Guillaume1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Acoustics. Sep2025, Vol. 238, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Channel estimation, Transfer functions, Acoustic wave propagation, Calculus of tensors, Least squares
Abstract: In this experimental study, we investigated the effectiveness of the Tensor Least Mean Squares (TLMS) algorithm compared to the traditional Least Mean Squares (LMS) method for determining long-range outdoor acoustic attenuation transfer functions under variable weather conditions. We conducted an outdoor long-range field experiment over a 326-meter range to capture the effect of time-varying environmental conditions on sound propagation. The input signal was a 3-second linear sweep ranging from 125 Hz to 4 kHz, transmitted every 10 minutes for an hour. We continuously monitored weather conditions, including wind speed and direction. We first conducted a convergence analysis and impulse response evaluation using both TLMS and LMS algorithms. Our results show that TLMS significantly outperforms the traditional Least Mean Squares (LMS) method in channel estimation accuracy, achieving a Mean Square Error (MSE) of approximately 10 − 38 compared to 10 − 8 for LMS. This demonstrates TLMS's superior adaptability to time-varying characteristics of outdoor acoustic channels. Subsequently, the study evaluated the transfer function through spectral analysis, revealing the impact of atmospheric conditions on acoustic signal propagation and providing insights into the time-variance of the acoustic channel. The findings confirm the potential of TLMS for advanced acoustic modeling in outdoor environments, thus validating its implementation for real-time acoustic transfer function estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Acoustics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 185362484
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Experimental analysis of tensor LMS for determining the long-range outdoor acoustic transfer function.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hussain%2C+Hammad%22">Hussain, Hammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hammad.hussain@ntnu.no</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moinuddin%2C+Muhammad%22">Moinuddin, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dutilleux%2C+Guillaume%22">Dutilleux, Guillaume</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Acoustics%22">Applied Acoustics</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 238, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Channel+estimation%22">Channel estimation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transfer+functions%22">Transfer functions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustic+wave+propagation%22">Acoustic wave propagation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calculus+of+tensors%22">Calculus of tensors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Least+squares%22">Least squares</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this experimental study, we investigated the effectiveness of the Tensor Least Mean Squares (TLMS) algorithm compared to the traditional Least Mean Squares (LMS) method for determining long-range outdoor acoustic attenuation transfer functions under variable weather conditions. We conducted an outdoor long-range field experiment over a 326-meter range to capture the effect of time-varying environmental conditions on sound propagation. The input signal was a 3-second linear sweep ranging from 125 Hz to 4 kHz, transmitted every 10 minutes for an hour. We continuously monitored weather conditions, including wind speed and direction. We first conducted a convergence analysis and impulse response evaluation using both TLMS and LMS algorithms. Our results show that TLMS significantly outperforms the traditional Least Mean Squares (LMS) method in channel estimation accuracy, achieving a Mean Square Error (MSE) of approximately 10 − 38 compared to 10 − 8 for LMS. This demonstrates TLMS's superior adaptability to time-varying characteristics of outdoor acoustic channels. Subsequently, the study evaluated the transfer function through spectral analysis, revealing the impact of atmospheric conditions on acoustic signal propagation and providing insights into the time-variance of the acoustic channel. The findings confirm the potential of TLMS for advanced acoustic modeling in outdoor environments, thus validating its implementation for real-time acoustic transfer function estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Acoustics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110812
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Channel estimation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transfer functions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acoustic wave propagation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calculus of tensors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Least squares
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Experimental analysis of tensor LMS for determining the long-range outdoor acoustic transfer function.
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            NameFull: Hussain, Hammad
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            NameFull: Moinuddin, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Dutilleux, Guillaume
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          Dates:
            – D: 05
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 238
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            – TitleFull: Applied Acoustics
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