A novel 3-D image encryption algorithm based on SHA-256 and chaos theory.
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| Title: | A novel 3-D image encryption algorithm based on SHA-256 and chaos theory. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Singh, Deep1 (AUTHOR) deepsinghspn@gmail.com, Kaur, Harpreet1 (AUTHOR) harpreetkaur951884@gmail.com, Verma, Chaman1,2 (AUTHOR) chaman@inf.elte.hu, Kumar, Neerendra3 (AUTHOR) neerendra.csit@cujammu.ac.in, Illés, Zoltán2 (AUTHOR) illes@inf.elte.hu |
| Source: | Alexandria Engineering Journal. May2025, Vol. 122, p564-577. 14p. |
| Subjects: | Three-dimensional imaging, Image encryption, Matrix functions, Statistics, Integers |
| Abstract: | The security of 3-D images is an important research problem that has to be resolved. Due to the more complex structure of 3-D images, the encryption of these images is quite different from 1-D and 2-D images. A three-stage novel image encryption technique based on chaotic maps is presented in this paper in which a 3-D image is firstly converted to a similar image format as that of 2-D images before encryption. The initial conditions of the chaotic system are generated by using the SHA-256 function on the coordinate matrix of the plaintext. Initially, a logistic map is utilized to scramble and add random points to the coordinate values of vertices of a 3-D image. The coordinate values are then confused and diffused in the second stage by using three sequences generated through the logistic-dynamic coupled logistic map lattice (LDCML) model. This stage also involves splitting of floating point data into integer and fractional parts. The integer part is diffused whereas the fractional part is scrambled during this process. In the third stage, the confusion is performed by using a tent map among the coordinate points. This process enhances the robustness, integrity, and confidentiality of 3-D images and ensures protection against unauthorized access. The proposed encryption procedure achieves values of correlation close to zero along x,y,z- directions, NPCR of 100%, UACI of 33.37%, and entropy value of 7.9993 which demonstrates its robust security. The time analysis shows that our technique improves efficiency and lowers computational costs by processing data in a lesser time. The security and statistical analysis concludes that the proposed encryption algorithm can withstand various conventional attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Alexandria Engineering Journal is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 185443320 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: A novel 3-D image encryption algorithm based on SHA-256 and chaos theory. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Deep%22">Singh, Deep</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> deepsinghspn@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaur%2C+Harpreet%22">Kaur, Harpreet</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> harpreetkaur951884@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Verma%2C+Chaman%22">Verma, Chaman</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chaman@inf.elte.hu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Neerendra%22">Kumar, Neerendra</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> neerendra.csit@cujammu.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Illés%2C+Zoltán%22">Illés, Zoltán</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> illes@inf.elte.hu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Alexandria+Engineering+Journal%22">Alexandria Engineering Journal</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 122, p564-577. 14p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+imaging%22">Three-dimensional imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+encryption%22">Image encryption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Matrix+functions%22">Matrix functions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Integers%22">Integers</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The security of 3-D images is an important research problem that has to be resolved. Due to the more complex structure of 3-D images, the encryption of these images is quite different from 1-D and 2-D images. A three-stage novel image encryption technique based on chaotic maps is presented in this paper in which a 3-D image is firstly converted to a similar image format as that of 2-D images before encryption. The initial conditions of the chaotic system are generated by using the SHA-256 function on the coordinate matrix of the plaintext. Initially, a logistic map is utilized to scramble and add random points to the coordinate values of vertices of a 3-D image. The coordinate values are then confused and diffused in the second stage by using three sequences generated through the logistic-dynamic coupled logistic map lattice (LDCML) model. This stage also involves splitting of floating point data into integer and fractional parts. The integer part is diffused whereas the fractional part is scrambled during this process. In the third stage, the confusion is performed by using a tent map among the coordinate points. This process enhances the robustness, integrity, and confidentiality of 3-D images and ensures protection against unauthorized access. The proposed encryption procedure achieves values of correlation close to zero along x,y,z- directions, NPCR of 100%, UACI of 33.37%, and entropy value of 7.9993 which demonstrates its robust security. The time analysis shows that our technique improves efficiency and lowers computational costs by processing data in a lesser time. The security and statistical analysis concludes that the proposed encryption algorithm can withstand various conventional attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Alexandria Engineering Journal is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.026 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 14 StartPage: 564 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional imaging Type: general – SubjectFull: Image encryption Type: general – SubjectFull: Matrix functions Type: general – SubjectFull: Statistics Type: general – SubjectFull: Integers Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: A novel 3-D image encryption algorithm based on SHA-256 and chaos theory. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Singh, Deep – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kaur, Harpreet – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Verma, Chaman – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kumar, Neerendra – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Illés, Zoltán IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 20 M: 05 Text: May2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 11100168 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 122 Titles: – TitleFull: Alexandria Engineering Journal Type: main |
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