Site-specific weathering of coatings: II. Comparison of natural weathering and accelerated protocols for Central Europe and Florida.
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| Title: | Site-specific weathering of coatings: II. Comparison of natural weathering and accelerated protocols for Central Europe and Florida. |
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| Authors: | Oehler, Harald1 (AUTHOR) harald.oehler@lbf.fraunhofer.de, Wanner, Matthias2 (AUTHOR), Aktas, Lukas2 (AUTHOR), Neumann, Marie1 (AUTHOR), Lellinger, Dirk1 (AUTHOR), Alig, Ingo1 (AUTHOR) ingo.alig@lbf.fraunhofer.de |
| Source: | Journal of Coatings Technology & Research. Mar2025, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p739-761. 23p. |
| Subjects: | Accelerated life testing, Temperate climate, Infrared spectra, Humidity, Data analysis, Melamine, Acrylates |
| Abstract: | Weathering protocols, which anticipate exposure behavior of coatings in the temperate climate in Central Europe (ZykStuttgart: ZS) and Florida (new protocol: NP), were applied for accelerated testing of melamine-, silicone resin/acrylate dispersion-, and polyurethane-based coating systems and compared to natural weathering at related sites in Stuttgart (Germany) and near Homestead (Florida/USA), respectively. Color parameters and infrared spectra were measured after defined exposure times and normalized to the irradiation doses. Color changes of an industrial standard with an orange pigment (ORWET) were found to depend for both artificial and natural weathering tests predominantly on irradiation dose. This confirms that the spectral power distribution of the lamp/filter configuration proposed in NP matches sufficiently well to both the sunlight spectra in Florida and Stuttgart. For a melamine-based standard crack coat, crack initiation was found only for NP and the late stage of ZS. For all coating systems studied, characteristic band intensities of infrared spectra and/or color parameters for the two protocols and from natural weathering at the related outdoor sites were shifted along the time axis to merge to master plots. To differentiate between thermally activated, photo-initiated, and hydrolytic degradation, the shift factors were plotted versus inverse annual- or cycle-averaged temperatures including irradiation ratios and averaged humidity ratios. Despite the different reaction mechanism for the acrylic component in the silicone resin/acrylate and the polyurethane coating, a dominance of thermally activated degradation was evident for both. The melamine-based binder showed coupled degradation mechanisms (photo-induced and thermally activated complimented by moisture effects). The use of irradiation doses, cycle-, and annual-averaged temperatures together with cycle- and annual-averaged humidities for data analysis provided simple possibilities for comparison of protocols and weathering sites and a rough differentiation between degradation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Coatings Technology & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 185445970 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Site-specific weathering of coatings: II. Comparison of natural weathering and accelerated protocols for Central Europe and Florida. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oehler%2C+Harald%22">Oehler, Harald</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> harald.oehler@lbf.fraunhofer.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wanner%2C+Matthias%22">Wanner, Matthias</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aktas%2C+Lukas%22">Aktas, Lukas</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neumann%2C+Marie%22">Neumann, Marie</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lellinger%2C+Dirk%22">Lellinger, Dirk</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alig%2C+Ingo%22">Alig, Ingo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ingo.alig@lbf.fraunhofer.de</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Coatings+Technology+%26+Research%22">Journal of Coatings Technology & Research</searchLink>. Mar2025, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p739-761. 23p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accelerated+life+testing%22">Accelerated life testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperate+climate%22">Temperate climate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infrared+spectra%22">Infrared spectra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Humidity%22">Humidity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Melamine%22">Melamine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acrylates%22">Acrylates</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Weathering protocols, which anticipate exposure behavior of coatings in the temperate climate in Central Europe (ZykStuttgart: ZS) and Florida (new protocol: NP), were applied for accelerated testing of melamine-, silicone resin/acrylate dispersion-, and polyurethane-based coating systems and compared to natural weathering at related sites in Stuttgart (Germany) and near Homestead (Florida/USA), respectively. Color parameters and infrared spectra were measured after defined exposure times and normalized to the irradiation doses. Color changes of an industrial standard with an orange pigment (ORWET) were found to depend for both artificial and natural weathering tests predominantly on irradiation dose. This confirms that the spectral power distribution of the lamp/filter configuration proposed in NP matches sufficiently well to both the sunlight spectra in Florida and Stuttgart. For a melamine-based standard crack coat, crack initiation was found only for NP and the late stage of ZS. For all coating systems studied, characteristic band intensities of infrared spectra and/or color parameters for the two protocols and from natural weathering at the related outdoor sites were shifted along the time axis to merge to master plots. To differentiate between thermally activated, photo-initiated, and hydrolytic degradation, the shift factors were plotted versus inverse annual- or cycle-averaged temperatures including irradiation ratios and averaged humidity ratios. Despite the different reaction mechanism for the acrylic component in the silicone resin/acrylate and the polyurethane coating, a dominance of thermally activated degradation was evident for both. The melamine-based binder showed coupled degradation mechanisms (photo-induced and thermally activated complimented by moisture effects). The use of irradiation doses, cycle-, and annual-averaged temperatures together with cycle- and annual-averaged humidities for data analysis provided simple possibilities for comparison of protocols and weathering sites and a rough differentiation between degradation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Coatings Technology & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11998-024-01005-3 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 23 StartPage: 739 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Accelerated life testing Type: general – SubjectFull: Temperate climate Type: general – SubjectFull: Infrared spectra Type: general – SubjectFull: Humidity Type: general – SubjectFull: Data analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Melamine Type: general – SubjectFull: Acrylates Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Site-specific weathering of coatings: II. Comparison of natural weathering and accelerated protocols for Central Europe and Florida. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Oehler, Harald – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wanner, Matthias – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Aktas, Lukas – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Neumann, Marie – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lellinger, Dirk – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Alig, Ingo IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19459645 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 22 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Coatings Technology & Research Type: main |
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