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Flame morphology of dual jet fires ejected from a spherical tank.

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Title: Flame morphology of dual jet fires ejected from a spherical tank.
Authors: Xia, Chuchun1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Huimin1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Kuibin1 (AUTHOR) kbzhou@njtech.edu.cn, Wang, Wei2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Process Safety Progress. Jun2025, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p256-267. 12p.
Subjects: Air analysis, Flame, Nozzles, Leakage, Velocity
Abstract: Dual jet fires occur when a storage tank has two leakage points or two adjacent tanks leak simultaneously. Currently, research on inclined dual jet fires is limited. In this paper, an experimental setup is constructed to simulate dual jet flames confined by a hemispherical wall, and the merging behavior and flame length are intensively investigated in terms of different exit velocities, nozzle inclination angles, and nozzle diameters. As the exit velocity increases, the flame merging probability first increases and then decreases to a certain level for d = 2.3 mm, while for d = 3 mm, its variation pattern has no fixed trend. Meanwhile, the flame length initially increases, and then remains almost constant until Fr ≥ 105. When the nozzle inclination angle decreases, for d = 2.3 mm, there is no fixed trend in the flame merging probability, while for d = 3 mm, the flame merging probability first decreases and then increases to reach one. In addition, the flame length first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again with the decrease of nozzle inclination angle in both Fr < 105 and Fr ≥ 105 cases. The dimensionless flame lengths are quantitatively expressed based on air entrainment analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Process Safety Progress is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Flame morphology of dual jet fires ejected from a spherical tank.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Xia%2C+Chuchun%22&quot;&gt;Xia, Chuchun&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhang%2C+Huimin%22&quot;&gt;Zhang, Huimin&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhou%2C+Kuibin%22&quot;&gt;Zhou, Kuibin&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; kbzhou@njtech.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Wang%2C+Wei%22&quot;&gt;Wang, Wei&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Process+Safety+Progress%22&quot;&gt;Process Safety Progress&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jun2025, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p256-267. 12p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Air+analysis%22&quot;&gt;Air analysis&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Flame%22&quot;&gt;Flame&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Nozzles%22&quot;&gt;Nozzles&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Leakage%22&quot;&gt;Leakage&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Velocity%22&quot;&gt;Velocity&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Dual jet fires occur when a storage tank has two leakage points or two adjacent tanks leak simultaneously. Currently, research on inclined dual jet fires is limited. In this paper, an experimental setup is constructed to simulate dual jet flames confined by a hemispherical wall, and the merging behavior and flame length are intensively investigated in terms of different exit velocities, nozzle inclination angles, and nozzle diameters. As the exit velocity increases, the flame merging probability first increases and then decreases to a certain level for d = 2.3 mm, while for d = 3 mm, its variation pattern has no fixed trend. Meanwhile, the flame length initially increases, and then remains almost constant until Fr ≥ 105. When the nozzle inclination angle decreases, for d = 2.3 mm, there is no fixed trend in the flame merging probability, while for d = 3 mm, the flame merging probability first decreases and then increases to reach one. In addition, the flame length first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again with the decrease of nozzle inclination angle in both Fr &lt; 105 and Fr ≥ 105 cases. The dimensionless flame lengths are quantitatively expressed based on air entrainment analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Process Safety Progress is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/prs.12672
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 256
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Air analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flame
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nozzles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Leakage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Velocity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Flame morphology of dual jet fires ejected from a spherical tank.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xia, Chuchun
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            NameFull: Zhang, Huimin
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            NameFull: Zhou, Kuibin
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            NameFull: Wang, Wei
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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