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A compact dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable Biotelemetry applications.

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Title: A compact dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable Biotelemetry applications.
Authors: Singh, Moirangthem Santoshkumar1 (AUTHOR), Ghosh, Jeet2 (AUTHOR), Ghosh, Soumendu3 (AUTHOR), Sarkhel, Abhishek3 (AUTHOR) abhishek.sarkhel@nitm.ac.in
Source: Journal of Electromagnetic Waves & Applications. Jun2025, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1018-1034. 17p.
Subjects: Antennas (Electronics), Linear polarization, Circular polarization, Biotelemetry, Safety regulations, Coplanar waveguides
Abstract: In this paper, a dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable biotelemetry application is presented. The antenna exhibits linear polarization (LP) characteristics at 404 MHz and 916 MHz while circular polarization (CP) characteristics at the 2.43 GHz band with a footprint of 0.0473 $ \lambda _{g} \times $ λ g × 0.0387 $ \lambda _{g} \times $ λ g × 0.0022 $ \lambda _{g} $ λ g where $ \lambda _{g} $ λ g is the effective wavelength. The proposed antenna exhibits an overall dimension of 11 mm × 9 mm × 0.5 mm (volume of 49.5 mm3). The dual polarization feature of the proposed antenna can specifically address the diverse polarization requirements of specific applications. A conceptual equivalent circuit model of the proposed antenna has also been developed to understand the effect of human tissue loading on the antenna characteristics. Moreover, characteristic mode analysis (CMA) has been employed to understand the intrinsic radiation feature and polarization phenomenon of the proposed antenna structure. The measured response shows a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 56 MHz covering the MICS band, and 122 MHz and 220 MHz covering the lower and upper ISM band with a maximum gain of −26.4 dB, −24.4 dB, and −22.6 dB respectively. The proposed antenna's specific absorption rate has been evaluated, which complies with the safety regulation for implantable scenarios. The link margin also assesses the communicable range of the proposed antenna for biotelemetry. The proposed antenna is capable of transmitting data at 7 kb/s and 100 kb/s up to a distance of 13 m and 3.5 m, respectively. In vitro measurement has been performed to validate the proposed antenna performance, and the measured result agrees well with the simulated one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Electromagnetic Waves & Applications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A compact dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable Biotelemetry applications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Moirangthem+Santoshkumar%22">Singh, Moirangthem Santoshkumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ghosh%2C+Jeet%22">Ghosh, Jeet</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ghosh%2C+Soumendu%22">Ghosh, Soumendu</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarkhel%2C+Abhishek%22">Sarkhel, Abhishek</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> abhishek.sarkhel@nitm.ac.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Electromagnetic+Waves+%26+Applications%22">Journal of Electromagnetic Waves & Applications</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1018-1034. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antennas+%28Electronics%29%22">Antennas (Electronics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Linear+polarization%22">Linear polarization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Circular+polarization%22">Circular polarization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biotelemetry%22">Biotelemetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Safety+regulations%22">Safety regulations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coplanar+waveguides%22">Coplanar waveguides</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this paper, a dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable biotelemetry application is presented. The antenna exhibits linear polarization (LP) characteristics at 404 MHz and 916 MHz while circular polarization (CP) characteristics at the 2.43 GHz band with a footprint of 0.0473 $ \lambda _{g} \times $ λ g × 0.0387 $ \lambda _{g} \times $ λ g × 0.0022 $ \lambda _{g} $ λ g where $ \lambda _{g} $ λ g is the effective wavelength. The proposed antenna exhibits an overall dimension of 11 mm × 9 mm × 0.5 mm (volume of 49.5 mm3). The dual polarization feature of the proposed antenna can specifically address the diverse polarization requirements of specific applications. A conceptual equivalent circuit model of the proposed antenna has also been developed to understand the effect of human tissue loading on the antenna characteristics. Moreover, characteristic mode analysis (CMA) has been employed to understand the intrinsic radiation feature and polarization phenomenon of the proposed antenna structure. The measured response shows a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 56 MHz covering the MICS band, and 122 MHz and 220 MHz covering the lower and upper ISM band with a maximum gain of −26.4 dB, −24.4 dB, and −22.6 dB respectively. The proposed antenna's specific absorption rate has been evaluated, which complies with the safety regulation for implantable scenarios. The link margin also assesses the communicable range of the proposed antenna for biotelemetry. The proposed antenna is capable of transmitting data at 7 kb/s and 100 kb/s up to a distance of 13 m and 3.5 m, respectively. In vitro measurement has been performed to validate the proposed antenna performance, and the measured result agrees well with the simulated one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Electromagnetic Waves & Applications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09205071.2025.2493161
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1018
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Antennas (Electronics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Linear polarization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Circular polarization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biotelemetry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Safety regulations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coplanar waveguides
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A compact dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable Biotelemetry applications.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Singh, Moirangthem Santoshkumar
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            NameFull: Ghosh, Jeet
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            NameFull: Ghosh, Soumendu
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            NameFull: Sarkhel, Abhishek
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 39
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              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Electromagnetic Waves & Applications
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