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Enhanced high‐temperature indentation fracture toughness of zirconia ceramics via HfO2 doping.

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Title: Enhanced high‐temperature indentation fracture toughness of zirconia ceramics via HfO2 doping.
Authors: Lv, Yi‐Hang1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Xin‐Gang2 (AUTHOR) xgwang@mail.sic.ac.cn, Wang, Xiao‐Fei2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Ming2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Jing‐Cheng1 (AUTHOR), Lv, Song‐Ze2 (AUTHOR), He, Tao2 (AUTHOR), Jiang, Dan‐Yu2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Aug2025, Vol. 108 Issue 8, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: Vickers hardness, Fracture toughness, High temperatures, Solid solutions, Hardness
Abstract: In this research, 3 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) ceramics doped with varying HfO2 content (5–30 mol%; denoted as xH3YSZ) were fabricated via pressureless sintering at temperatures ranging from 1400°C to 1600°C. The phase compositions, microstructures, hardness, indentation fracture toughness (at both room and high temperatures) were systematically investigated for the first time. Results revealed that 3YSZ and HfO2 formed a tetragonal phase solid solution when the HfO2 content was ≤10 mol%. However, at HfO2 concentrations of 15 mol% or higher, the ceramics exhibited a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases (t and m phase). The incorporation of HfO2 significantly enhanced the indentation fracture toughness at both room and elevated temperatures. The room‐temperature indentation fracture toughness of 10H3YSZ ceramics sintered at 1400°C and 1600°C reached 5.76 ± 0.24 MPa m1/2 and 6.11 ± 0.09 MPa m1/2, respectively, markedly higher than that of undoped 3YSZ ceramics (4.25–4.94 MPa m1/2). At high temperatures, the indentation fracture toughness of 10H3YSZ ceramics sintered at 1600°C was at least 1.4 times of 3YSZ ceramics at 200–800°C. The Vickers hardness of xH3YSZ ceramics decreased with sintering temperature. The Vickers hardness of 10H3YSZ was 12.0 ± 0.19 GPa at room temperature, which decreased to 3.13 ± 0.19 GPa at 800°C. The enhanced indentation fracture toughness was attributed to the reduced threshold for initiating the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic (t → m) phase transformation in HfO2‐doped ceramics, which increased crack shielding due to a larger volume fraction of transformed grains. Additionally, crack deflection and blunting mechanisms, promoted by grain growth and the reduced high‐temperature hardness at a sintering temperature of 1600°C, further contributed to the improved toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Enhanced high‐temperature indentation fracture toughness of zirconia ceramics via HfO<subscript>2</subscript> doping.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lv%2C+Yi‐Hang%22">Lv, Yi‐Hang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xin‐Gang%22">Wang, Xin‐Gang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xgwang@mail.sic.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xiao‐Fei%22">Wang, Xiao‐Fei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ming%22">Wang, Ming</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Jing‐Cheng%22">Xu, Jing‐Cheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lv%2C+Song‐Ze%22">Lv, Song‐Ze</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Tao%22">He, Tao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Dan‐Yu%22">Jiang, Dan‐Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society%22">Journal of the American Ceramic Society</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 108 Issue 8, p1-10. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vickers+hardness%22">Vickers hardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+toughness%22">Fracture toughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+temperatures%22">High temperatures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid+solutions%22">Solid solutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hardness%22">Hardness</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this research, 3 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) ceramics doped with varying HfO2 content (5–30 mol%; denoted as xH3YSZ) were fabricated via pressureless sintering at temperatures ranging from 1400°C to 1600°C. The phase compositions, microstructures, hardness, indentation fracture toughness (at both room and high temperatures) were systematically investigated for the first time. Results revealed that 3YSZ and HfO2 formed a tetragonal phase solid solution when the HfO2 content was ≤10 mol%. However, at HfO2 concentrations of 15 mol% or higher, the ceramics exhibited a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases (t and m phase). The incorporation of HfO2 significantly enhanced the indentation fracture toughness at both room and elevated temperatures. The room‐temperature indentation fracture toughness of 10H3YSZ ceramics sintered at 1400°C and 1600°C reached 5.76 ± 0.24 MPa m1/2 and 6.11 ± 0.09 MPa m1/2, respectively, markedly higher than that of undoped 3YSZ ceramics (4.25–4.94 MPa m1/2). At high temperatures, the indentation fracture toughness of 10H3YSZ ceramics sintered at 1600°C was at least 1.4 times of 3YSZ ceramics at 200–800°C. The Vickers hardness of xH3YSZ ceramics decreased with sintering temperature. The Vickers hardness of 10H3YSZ was 12.0 ± 0.19 GPa at room temperature, which decreased to 3.13 ± 0.19 GPa at 800°C. The enhanced indentation fracture toughness was attributed to the reduced threshold for initiating the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic (t → m) phase transformation in HfO2‐doped ceramics, which increased crack shielding due to a larger volume fraction of transformed grains. Additionally, crack deflection and blunting mechanisms, promoted by grain growth and the reduced high‐temperature hardness at a sintering temperature of 1600°C, further contributed to the improved toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/jace.20569
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Vickers hardness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fracture toughness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High temperatures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solid solutions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hardness
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      – TitleFull: Enhanced high‐temperature indentation fracture toughness of zirconia ceramics via HfO2 doping.
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            NameFull: Lv, Yi‐Hang
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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