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Internal Stress of Titanium-Based Nitride with Penetration Depth and Surface Roughness by sin 2 ψ Method Using HR-XRD.

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Title: Internal Stress of Titanium-Based Nitride with Penetration Depth and Surface Roughness by sin 2 ψ Method Using HR-XRD.
Authors: Yoo, Sungju1,2 (AUTHOR), Hong, Eunpyo2 (AUTHOR), Choi, Youngkue1,2 (AUTHOR) ykchoi@ktl.re.kr, Lee, Heesoo1,2 (AUTHOR) heesoo@pusan.ac.kr
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jun2025, Vol. 15 Issue 11, p813. 9p.
Subjects: Surface roughness, DC sputtering, Pulsed lasers, Substrates (Materials science), Surface coatings, Carburization
Abstract: The test method for internal stress of titanium-based nitride was optimized via penetration depth and surface roughness. Through the test method, the variations in the mechanical properties due to the ratio of the carbon gradient layer were investigated in terms of internal stress. TiN coatings were deposited on SUS 304 using RF/DC magnetron sputtering, and the penetration depth was adjusted by varying the X-ray power of HR-XRD for test specimens with the same coating thickness of 1 μm. The gradient of diagram for internal stress remained constant regardless of the penetration depth, and this was attributed to the analysis of internal stress focusing on the preferred growth orientation of the coating and excluding the influence of the substrate. In addition, we tested different surface roughness values (0.01 Sa, 0.02 Sa, and 0.03 Sa) to observe the effect on internal stress measurement. The results showed negligible difference in internal stress, confirming that this measurement method is valid for coatings with a surface roughness of 0.03 Sa or less. The test method was applied to analyze the carbon-doped TiZrN coating. TiZrN coatings were deposited on SUS 304, and coating thicknesses of 0.5 μm, 1 μm, and 2 μm were used to control the ratio of the carbon gradient layer. After applying the carbon paste for carbon doping, the TiZrN coating was irradiated with a pulsed laser. The compressive internal stress increased from −1263 MPa to −1687 MPa at a coating thickness of 0.5 μm, where the ratio of the carbon gradient layer was the highest. It was confirmed that the increase in internal stress with the ratio of the carbon gradient layer improved the mechanical properties of the carbon-doped TiZrN coating by laser carburization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Internal Stress of Titanium-Based Nitride with Penetration Depth and Surface Roughness by sin 2 ψ Method Using HR-XRD.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 15 Issue 11, p813. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+roughness%22">Surface roughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DC+sputtering%22">DC sputtering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pulsed+lasers%22">Pulsed lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substrates+%28Materials+science%29%22">Substrates (Materials science)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+coatings%22">Surface coatings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carburization%22">Carburization</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The test method for internal stress of titanium-based nitride was optimized via penetration depth and surface roughness. Through the test method, the variations in the mechanical properties due to the ratio of the carbon gradient layer were investigated in terms of internal stress. TiN coatings were deposited on SUS 304 using RF/DC magnetron sputtering, and the penetration depth was adjusted by varying the X-ray power of HR-XRD for test specimens with the same coating thickness of 1 μm. The gradient of diagram for internal stress remained constant regardless of the penetration depth, and this was attributed to the analysis of internal stress focusing on the preferred growth orientation of the coating and excluding the influence of the substrate. In addition, we tested different surface roughness values (0.01 Sa, 0.02 Sa, and 0.03 Sa) to observe the effect on internal stress measurement. The results showed negligible difference in internal stress, confirming that this measurement method is valid for coatings with a surface roughness of 0.03 Sa or less. The test method was applied to analyze the carbon-doped TiZrN coating. TiZrN coatings were deposited on SUS 304, and coating thicknesses of 0.5 μm, 1 μm, and 2 μm were used to control the ratio of the carbon gradient layer. After applying the carbon paste for carbon doping, the TiZrN coating was irradiated with a pulsed laser. The compressive internal stress increased from −1263 MPa to −1687 MPa at a coating thickness of 0.5 μm, where the ratio of the carbon gradient layer was the highest. It was confirmed that the increase in internal stress with the ratio of the carbon gradient layer improved the mechanical properties of the carbon-doped TiZrN coating by laser carburization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano15110813
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DC sputtering
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      – SubjectFull: Pulsed lasers
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      – SubjectFull: Substrates (Materials science)
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      – SubjectFull: Surface coatings
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      – SubjectFull: Carburization
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Internal Stress of Titanium-Based Nitride with Penetration Depth and Surface Roughness by sin 2 ψ Method Using HR-XRD.
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            NameFull: Yoo, Sungju
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            NameFull: Hong, Eunpyo
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
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