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Modified Spherical Geometry Algorithm for Spaceborne SAR Data Processing in Sliding Spotlight Mode.

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Title: Modified Spherical Geometry Algorithm for Spaceborne SAR Data Processing in Sliding Spotlight Mode.
Authors: Fan, Jixia1 (AUTHOR), Tao, Manyi1,2 (AUTHOR), Mao, Xinhua1,2 (AUTHOR) xinhua@nuaa.edu.cn
Source: Remote Sensing. Jun2025, Vol. 17 Issue 11, p1930. 16p.
Subjects: Spherical geometry, Synthetic aperture radar, Rotation of the earth, Electronic data processing, Signal sampling, Sliding mode control, Ambiguity
Abstract: Spaceborne high-resolution wide-area SAR image formation processing faces critical challenges induced by orbital curvature, Earth rotation, and spherical ground surfaces. The Spherical Geometry Algorithm (SGA) offers an effective solution to these problems. However, the standard SGA is inherently limited to spotlight mode SAR data processing and cannot be directly extended to other operational modes. To overcome this constraint, this paper proposes an enhanced SGA framework tailored for sliding spotlight mode SAR data processing. Firstly, this paper presents a rigorous analysis of time–frequency relationship variations during the classical SGA processing under sliding spotlight mode, and gives the reasons why the classical SGA can not be directly applied to the data processing in sliding spotlight mode. Then, a modified SGA processing framework is proposed to address the signal sampling ambiguity problem faced by the SGA in processing sliding spotlight mode data. The improved algorithm avoids the sampling ambiguity problem during azimuthal resampling and azimuthal IFFT by introducing an instantaneous Doppler central frequency correction processing before azimuthal resampling and a suitable amount of oversampling during azimuthal resampling. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by measured real data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Modified Spherical Geometry Algorithm for Spaceborne SAR Data Processing in Sliding Spotlight Mode.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fan%2C+Jixia%22">Fan, Jixia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tao%2C+Manyi%22">Tao, Manyi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mao%2C+Xinhua%22">Mao, Xinhua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xinhua@nuaa.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 17 Issue 11, p1930. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spherical+geometry%22">Spherical geometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synthetic+aperture+radar%22">Synthetic aperture radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rotation+of+the+earth%22">Rotation of the earth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+data+processing%22">Electronic data processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+sampling%22">Signal sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sliding+mode+control%22">Sliding mode control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ambiguity%22">Ambiguity</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Spaceborne high-resolution wide-area SAR image formation processing faces critical challenges induced by orbital curvature, Earth rotation, and spherical ground surfaces. The Spherical Geometry Algorithm (SGA) offers an effective solution to these problems. However, the standard SGA is inherently limited to spotlight mode SAR data processing and cannot be directly extended to other operational modes. To overcome this constraint, this paper proposes an enhanced SGA framework tailored for sliding spotlight mode SAR data processing. Firstly, this paper presents a rigorous analysis of time–frequency relationship variations during the classical SGA processing under sliding spotlight mode, and gives the reasons why the classical SGA can not be directly applied to the data processing in sliding spotlight mode. Then, a modified SGA processing framework is proposed to address the signal sampling ambiguity problem faced by the SGA in processing sliding spotlight mode data. The improved algorithm avoids the sampling ambiguity problem during azimuthal resampling and azimuthal IFFT by introducing an instantaneous Doppler central frequency correction processing before azimuthal resampling and a suitable amount of oversampling during azimuthal resampling. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by measured real data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/rs17111930
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1930
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Spherical geometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Synthetic aperture radar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rotation of the earth
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electronic data processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Signal sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sliding mode control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ambiguity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modified Spherical Geometry Algorithm for Spaceborne SAR Data Processing in Sliding Spotlight Mode.
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            NameFull: Fan, Jixia
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            NameFull: Tao, Manyi
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          Name:
            NameFull: Mao, Xinhua
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 17
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              Value: 11
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            – TitleFull: Remote Sensing
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