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Influencing Laws of Obliquities/Incident Angles on Ricochet and Trans-ricochet of Projectile-Target Impact for Armor Steel Plate Structural Design.

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Title: Influencing Laws of Obliquities/Incident Angles on Ricochet and Trans-ricochet of Projectile-Target Impact for Armor Steel Plate Structural Design.
Authors: Siddique, Farah1 (AUTHOR), Li, Fuguo1,2 (AUTHOR) fuguolx@nwpu.edu.cn, Hussain, Mirza Zahid1 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Qian1 (AUTHOR), Yin, Jingchuan3 (AUTHOR), Fan, Jianwen3 (AUTHOR), Li, Qinghua1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ). Jun2025, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p9231-9245. 15p.
Subjects: Structural steel, Structural plates, Geometric surfaces, Structural design, Surface structure
Abstract: The effectiveness of protective armor supports the projectile ricochet phenomenon as it clearly restrains projectile from penetration and can potentially form basis for design optimization of protective systems. The present numerical study has been carried out to find the most appropriate obliquity/incident angle which can effectively be used for design of protective armor. Although it is not possible to practically control the incident projectile angles, but numerical investigation can potentially provide solution for design and performance optimization of overall structure and surface geometry of target plate, or adaptive adjustment in terms of target obliquity angle. The projectile has been impacted with velocity of 700 ± 20 m/s at incident angles ranging from 15 ∘ ≤ θ ≤ 75 ∘ . The experimental results at 0° has been taken as a reference to validate material model and simulation results. The verification parameters such as eroded mass and steady residual velocity have also been investigated. After all validations and calculations, the window of obliquities/incident angle, safe thickness limit as well as steady residual velocity was obtained. Based on the attained optimum angle 45°, the minimum target plate thickness calculated is 6.4 mm against the thickness of reference plate, 4 mm (UHSLA-XF1700) armor steel. The result was partial penetration at 0° incident angle. The numerical simulation for 6.4-mm-thick target plate under similar circumstances revealed that it has ability to defeat the incoming threat more effectively. For the respective cases of different incident angles, a modified analytical model has also been developed and results coincided with the findings of numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Influencing Laws of Obliquities/Incident Angles on Ricochet and Trans-ricochet of Projectile-Target Impact for Armor Steel Plate Structural Design.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+steel%22">Structural steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+plates%22">Structural plates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geometric+surfaces%22">Geometric surfaces</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+design%22">Structural design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+structure%22">Surface structure</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The effectiveness of protective armor supports the projectile ricochet phenomenon as it clearly restrains projectile from penetration and can potentially form basis for design optimization of protective systems. The present numerical study has been carried out to find the most appropriate obliquity/incident angle which can effectively be used for design of protective armor. Although it is not possible to practically control the incident projectile angles, but numerical investigation can potentially provide solution for design and performance optimization of overall structure and surface geometry of target plate, or adaptive adjustment in terms of target obliquity angle. The projectile has been impacted with velocity of 700 ± 20 m/s at incident angles ranging from 15 ∘ ≤ θ ≤ 75 ∘ . The experimental results at 0° has been taken as a reference to validate material model and simulation results. The verification parameters such as eroded mass and steady residual velocity have also been investigated. After all validations and calculations, the window of obliquities/incident angle, safe thickness limit as well as steady residual velocity was obtained. Based on the attained optimum angle 45°, the minimum target plate thickness calculated is 6.4 mm against the thickness of reference plate, 4 mm (UHSLA-XF1700) armor steel. The result was partial penetration at 0° incident angle. The numerical simulation for 6.4-mm-thick target plate under similar circumstances revealed that it has ability to defeat the incoming threat more effectively. For the respective cases of different incident angles, a modified analytical model has also been developed and results coincided with the findings of numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s13369-024-09397-5
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Structural steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural plates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geometric surfaces
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural design
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      – SubjectFull: Surface structure
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influencing Laws of Obliquities/Incident Angles on Ricochet and Trans-ricochet of Projectile-Target Impact for Armor Steel Plate Structural Design.
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            NameFull: Siddique, Farah
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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