A numerical study on mechanical and permeability properties of novel design additive manufactured Titanium based metal matrix composite bone scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

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Title: A numerical study on mechanical and permeability properties of novel design additive manufactured Titanium based metal matrix composite bone scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
Authors: Puthillam, Umanath1 (AUTHOR), Selvam, Renold Elsen1 (AUTHOR) renoldelsen@gmail.com
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications. Aug2025, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p268-283. 16p.
Subjects: Young's modulus, Titanium silicate, Compact bone, Tissue engineering, Calcium silicates, Metallic composites, Tissue scaffolds
Abstract: A novel design was developed for extrusion based additive manufacturing (robocasting) of bone scaffolds and a numerical study was carried out to find the optimal design to develop a bone scaffold for critical bone defect treatments. Initially, Representative Volume Analysis (RVE) analysis was carried out to predict the Young's modulus (E) of Titanium + Calcium Silicate and Titanium + Hydroxyapatite composites. The RVE analysis outputs were used to find out the E value of various bone scaffold designs and material compositions. The novel stepped design could be used to tailor the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold by altering the contact support area between strands and changing the pore size, shape and orientation to control the permeability and nutrient transportation. The test revealed that some of the designed scaffolds are suitable for developing scaffolds for cortical bone defects as the E value lies between 10 and 30 GPa. The CFD analysis indicated that some designs do not possess the permeability required for a scaffold to aid nutrient transportation which is ideally between 1.5 × 10−9 and 5 × 10−8 m2. A sample model was printed and sintered in an argon atmosphere using a microwave furnace to check the feasibility of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Biomaterials Applications is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A numerical study on mechanical and permeability properties of novel design additive manufactured Titanium based metal matrix composite bone scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Puthillam%2C+Umanath%22">Puthillam, Umanath</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Selvam%2C+Renold+Elsen%22">Selvam, Renold Elsen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> renoldelsen@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Biomaterials+Applications%22">Journal of Biomaterials Applications</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p268-283. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young's+modulus%22">Young's modulus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+silicate%22">Titanium silicate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compact+bone%22">Compact bone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tissue+engineering%22">Tissue engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+silicates%22">Calcium silicates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metallic+composites%22">Metallic composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tissue+scaffolds%22">Tissue scaffolds</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A novel design was developed for extrusion based additive manufacturing (robocasting) of bone scaffolds and a numerical study was carried out to find the optimal design to develop a bone scaffold for critical bone defect treatments. Initially, Representative Volume Analysis (RVE) analysis was carried out to predict the Young's modulus (E) of Titanium + Calcium Silicate and Titanium + Hydroxyapatite composites. The RVE analysis outputs were used to find out the E value of various bone scaffold designs and material compositions. The novel stepped design could be used to tailor the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold by altering the contact support area between strands and changing the pore size, shape and orientation to control the permeability and nutrient transportation. The test revealed that some of the designed scaffolds are suitable for developing scaffolds for cortical bone defects as the E value lies between 10 and 30 GPa. The CFD analysis indicated that some designs do not possess the permeability required for a scaffold to aid nutrient transportation which is ideally between 1.5 × 10−9 and 5 × 10−8 m2. A sample model was printed and sintered in an argon atmosphere using a microwave furnace to check the feasibility of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Biomaterials Applications is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/08853282251333237
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 268
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Young's modulus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Titanium silicate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compact bone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tissue engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium silicates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metallic composites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tissue scaffolds
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A numerical study on mechanical and permeability properties of novel design additive manufactured Titanium based metal matrix composite bone scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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            NameFull: Puthillam, Umanath
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            NameFull: Selvam, Renold Elsen
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 40
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Biomaterials Applications
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