Modeling of viscoelastic deformation and rate-dependent fracture damage in rat bone.

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Title: Modeling of viscoelastic deformation and rate-dependent fracture damage in rat bone.
Authors: Kommidi, Santosh Reddy1 (AUTHOR), Kim, Yong-Rak1 (AUTHOR) yong-rak.kim@tamu.edu, Kim, Do-Gyoon2 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Damage Mechanics. Jun2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p920-943. 24p.
Subjects: Nanoindentation tests, Finite element method, Compact bone, Multiscale modeling, Bone fractures, Femur
Abstract: Bone is a complex hierarchical structural material whose organ-level response is highly influenced by its constitutive behavior at the microstructural level, which can dictate the inelastic nonlinear deformation and fracture within the organ. In the current study, a combined experimental-computational approach was sought to first obtain the local constitutive properties. Later, a multiscale modeling framework utilizing a novel rate-dependent nonlinear viscoelastic cohesive zone (NVCZ) model was used to explore the fracture behavior at the microstructure of the bone and its influence on the global scale (organ-level) response. Toward this end, nanoindentation testing was conducted within the cross-section of a rat femur bone specimen. An inverse optimization process was used to identify the isotropic linear viscoelastic (LVE) properties of cortical bone by integrating the test results with a finite element model simulation of the nanoindentation testing. Model results using different numbers of spring-dashpot units in the generalized Maxwell model showed that four spring-dashpot units are sufficient to capture the LVE behavior, while solely LVE constitutive relation is limited to fully characterize the rat femur. The LVE constitutive properties were then used along with the rate-dependent NVCZ fracture within the representative volume element (RVE), which was two-way coupled to the global scale bone. A parametric study was conducted by varying the fracture properties of the NVCZ model. The model demonstrated the capability and features to represent inelastic deformation and nonlinear fracture that are linked between length scales. This further implies that the inelastic fracture model and the two-way coupled modeling can elucidate the complex multiscale deformation and fracture of bone, while model validation and further advancements with test results remain a follow-up study and are currently in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Damage Mechanics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Modeling of viscoelastic deformation and rate-dependent fracture damage in rat bone.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kommidi%2C+Santosh+Reddy%22">Kommidi, Santosh Reddy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Yong-Rak%22">Kim, Yong-Rak</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yong-rak.kim@tamu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Do-Gyoon%22">Kim, Do-Gyoon</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Damage+Mechanics%22">International Journal of Damage Mechanics</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p920-943. 24p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoindentation+tests%22">Nanoindentation tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compact+bone%22">Compact bone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiscale+modeling%22">Multiscale modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bone+fractures%22">Bone fractures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Femur%22">Femur</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Bone is a complex hierarchical structural material whose organ-level response is highly influenced by its constitutive behavior at the microstructural level, which can dictate the inelastic nonlinear deformation and fracture within the organ. In the current study, a combined experimental-computational approach was sought to first obtain the local constitutive properties. Later, a multiscale modeling framework utilizing a novel rate-dependent nonlinear viscoelastic cohesive zone (NVCZ) model was used to explore the fracture behavior at the microstructure of the bone and its influence on the global scale (organ-level) response. Toward this end, nanoindentation testing was conducted within the cross-section of a rat femur bone specimen. An inverse optimization process was used to identify the isotropic linear viscoelastic (LVE) properties of cortical bone by integrating the test results with a finite element model simulation of the nanoindentation testing. Model results using different numbers of spring-dashpot units in the generalized Maxwell model showed that four spring-dashpot units are sufficient to capture the LVE behavior, while solely LVE constitutive relation is limited to fully characterize the rat femur. The LVE constitutive properties were then used along with the rate-dependent NVCZ fracture within the representative volume element (RVE), which was two-way coupled to the global scale bone. A parametric study was conducted by varying the fracture properties of the NVCZ model. The model demonstrated the capability and features to represent inelastic deformation and nonlinear fracture that are linked between length scales. This further implies that the inelastic fracture model and the two-way coupled modeling can elucidate the complex multiscale deformation and fracture of bone, while model validation and further advancements with test results remain a follow-up study and are currently in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Damage Mechanics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1177/10567895241245716
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 920
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nanoindentation tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compact bone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiscale modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bone fractures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Femur
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modeling of viscoelastic deformation and rate-dependent fracture damage in rat bone.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Kommidi, Santosh Reddy
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            NameFull: Kim, Yong-Rak
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            NameFull: Kim, Do-Gyoon
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 34
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Damage Mechanics
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