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Pletzachkogel (Austria): Landslides caused by "Hard on Soft" geomechanics.

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Title: Pletzachkogel (Austria): Landslides caused by "Hard on Soft" geomechanics.
Authors: Erharter, Georg H.1 (AUTHOR) georg.erharter@ngi.no, Prager, Christoph2 (AUTHOR) christoph.prager@ilf.com, Ortner, Hugo3 (AUTHOR) hugo.ortner@uibk.ac.at, Kieffer, D. Scott4 (AUTHOR) kieffer@tugraz.at
Source: Geomechanik und Tunnelbau. Jun2025, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p188-198. 11p.
Subjects: Structural geology, Rockslides, Loading & unloading, Glacial Epoch, Sequence stratigraphy, Rockfall, Landslides
Abstract: Pletzachkogel is a mountain North of the Tyrolean Inn valley in a prominent position above the village of Kramsach. Three major rock avalanches have occurred since the last glaciation and ongoing rockfall from the head scarp area presently affects local infrastructure. This study presents geological and geomechanical investigations of Pletzachkogel that were performed using conventional and uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) mapping techniques and focused on understanding the different landslide processes. The investigation indicates that the gravitational instability is related to a stratigraphic sequence of "Hard on Soft" rock units: Hauptdolomit and Plattenkalk beds (hard) – Kössen Formation (soft) – Oberrhätkalk and Lower Jurassic Breccia units (hard). "Hard on Soft" slope deformation has been described for similar stratigraphic conditions and involves the overlying hard rock mass breaking apart over a soft underlying unit. This leads to distinct geomorphological features like buttresses. In addition to the "Hard on Soft" stratigraphy, synsedimentary deformation during deposition, polyphase, heteroaxial, tectonic deformation during Alpine orogenesis, and glacial loading and unloading during the last ice age exacerbated landslide processes. This study describes the "Hard on Soft" geomechanics of Pletzachkogel and also demonstrates the value of UAV‐based structural mapping, particularly for acquiring and quantifying structural rock mass data in inaccessible areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Pletzachkogel (Austria): Landslides caused by "Hard on Soft" geomechanics.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Erharter%2C+Georg+H%2E%22">Erharter, Georg H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> georg.erharter@ngi.no</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prager%2C+Christoph%22">Prager, Christoph</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> christoph.prager@ilf.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ortner%2C+Hugo%22">Ortner, Hugo</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hugo.ortner@uibk.ac.at</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kieffer%2C+D%2E+Scott%22">Kieffer, D. Scott</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kieffer@tugraz.at</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Geomechanik+und+Tunnelbau%22">Geomechanik und Tunnelbau</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p188-198. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+geology%22">Structural geology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rockslides%22">Rockslides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Loading+%26+unloading%22">Loading & unloading</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glacial+Epoch%22">Glacial Epoch</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sequence+stratigraphy%22">Sequence stratigraphy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rockfall%22">Rockfall</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Landslides%22">Landslides</searchLink>
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  Data: Pletzachkogel is a mountain North of the Tyrolean Inn valley in a prominent position above the village of Kramsach. Three major rock avalanches have occurred since the last glaciation and ongoing rockfall from the head scarp area presently affects local infrastructure. This study presents geological and geomechanical investigations of Pletzachkogel that were performed using conventional and uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) mapping techniques and focused on understanding the different landslide processes. The investigation indicates that the gravitational instability is related to a stratigraphic sequence of "Hard on Soft" rock units: Hauptdolomit and Plattenkalk beds (hard) – Kössen Formation (soft) – Oberrhätkalk and Lower Jurassic Breccia units (hard). "Hard on Soft" slope deformation has been described for similar stratigraphic conditions and involves the overlying hard rock mass breaking apart over a soft underlying unit. This leads to distinct geomorphological features like buttresses. In addition to the "Hard on Soft" stratigraphy, synsedimentary deformation during deposition, polyphase, heteroaxial, tectonic deformation during Alpine orogenesis, and glacial loading and unloading during the last ice age exacerbated landslide processes. This study describes the "Hard on Soft" geomechanics of Pletzachkogel and also demonstrates the value of UAV‐based structural mapping, particularly for acquiring and quantifying structural rock mass data in inaccessible areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/geot.202500018
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 188
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Structural geology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rockslides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Loading & unloading
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glacial Epoch
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sequence stratigraphy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rockfall
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Landslides
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Pletzachkogel (Austria): Landslides caused by "Hard on Soft" geomechanics.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Erharter, Georg H.
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            NameFull: Prager, Christoph
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            NameFull: Ortner, Hugo
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            NameFull: Kieffer, D. Scott
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: Geomechanik und Tunnelbau
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