Evaluation of optimized praseodymium-thulium doped O+E band hybrid fiber amplifier in a CWDM optical communication link.
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| Title: | Evaluation of optimized praseodymium-thulium doped O+E band hybrid fiber amplifier in a CWDM optical communication link. |
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| Authors: | Sarma, Krishna1 (AUTHOR), Khan, Mohd Mansoor1 (AUTHOR) mansoorkhan2020@gmail.com |
| Source: | Optical & Quantum Electronics. Jun2025, Vol. 57 Issue 6, p1-22. 22p. |
| Subjects: | Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical amplifiers, Numerical apertures, Ion-ion collisions |
| Abstract: | Amplification in the O+E band is highly desirable to address the current bandwidth demands. However, the state-of-the-art semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and Bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers (BDFAs) used in these bands exhibit high noise figure (NF) and significant nonlinearity. To overcome these issues, this work introduces a hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) that combines a Praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier (PDFA) and a Thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) for O+E band amplification. The performance of the HOA is evaluated by optimizing the pumping schemes, amplifiers' lengths, ion densities, doping radii and numerical apertures along with pump powers and input power to the HOA module. A signal gain of > 18.06 dB and NF < 4.5 dB have been achieved across the 1270–1470 nm wavelength range, with a peak gain of 50.3 dB observed at 1310 nm. Also, a signal gain of > 30.39 dB in the wavelength ranges of 1280-1350 nm and 1420-1470 nm, respectively has been observed. Utilizing the optimized set of parameters in the O-band, a gain deterioration of 1.82% has been calculated at the wavelength of 1310 nm. Apparently, in the E-band, the gain increases to 0.29% at the wavelength of 1390 nm and 0.06% at the wavelength of 1460 nm with the inclusion of ion-ion interaction mechanism (IM) effect. The efficacy of the HOA as a pre-amplifier is also assessed by examining the Q-Factor in a coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) system, considering different data rates and fiber lengths. An error-free transmission with Q-Factor > 6.29 has been recorded up to a fiber length of 90 km at 7.5 Gbps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Optical & Quantum Electronics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Evaluation of optimized praseodymium-thulium doped O+E band hybrid fiber amplifier in a CWDM optical communication link. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarma%2C+Krishna%22">Sarma, Krishna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khan%2C+Mohd+Mansoor%22">Khan, Mohd Mansoor</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mansoorkhan2020@gmail.com</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Optical+%26+Quantum+Electronics%22">Optical & Quantum Electronics</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 57 Issue 6, p1-22. 22p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semiconductor+optical+amplifiers%22">Semiconductor optical amplifiers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wavelength+division+multiplexing%22">Wavelength division multiplexing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+amplifiers%22">Optical amplifiers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+apertures%22">Numerical apertures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ion-ion+collisions%22">Ion-ion collisions</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Amplification in the O+E band is highly desirable to address the current bandwidth demands. However, the state-of-the-art semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and Bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers (BDFAs) used in these bands exhibit high noise figure (NF) and significant nonlinearity. To overcome these issues, this work introduces a hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) that combines a Praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier (PDFA) and a Thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) for O+E band amplification. The performance of the HOA is evaluated by optimizing the pumping schemes, amplifiers' lengths, ion densities, doping radii and numerical apertures along with pump powers and input power to the HOA module. A signal gain of > 18.06 dB and NF < 4.5 dB have been achieved across the 1270–1470 nm wavelength range, with a peak gain of 50.3 dB observed at 1310 nm. Also, a signal gain of > 30.39 dB in the wavelength ranges of 1280-1350 nm and 1420-1470 nm, respectively has been observed. Utilizing the optimized set of parameters in the O-band, a gain deterioration of 1.82% has been calculated at the wavelength of 1310 nm. Apparently, in the E-band, the gain increases to 0.29% at the wavelength of 1390 nm and 0.06% at the wavelength of 1460 nm with the inclusion of ion-ion interaction mechanism (IM) effect. The efficacy of the HOA as a pre-amplifier is also assessed by examining the Q-Factor in a coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) system, considering different data rates and fiber lengths. An error-free transmission with Q-Factor > 6.29 has been recorded up to a fiber length of 90 km at 7.5 Gbps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Optical & Quantum Electronics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11082-025-08305-x Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 22 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Semiconductor optical amplifiers Type: general – SubjectFull: Wavelength division multiplexing Type: general – SubjectFull: Optical amplifiers Type: general – SubjectFull: Numerical apertures Type: general – SubjectFull: Ion-ion collisions Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Evaluation of optimized praseodymium-thulium doped O+E band hybrid fiber amplifier in a CWDM optical communication link. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sarma, Krishna – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Khan, Mohd Mansoor IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 06 Text: Jun2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03068919 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 57 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: Optical & Quantum Electronics Type: main |
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