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Novel internet of things-spectroscopy methods for targeted water pollutants in household point-of-use environments.

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Title: Novel internet of things-spectroscopy methods for targeted water pollutants in household point-of-use environments.
Authors: Zulkifli, Syahidah Nurani1 snurani2@gmail.com, Rahim, Herlina Abdul1 herlina@utm.my, Mohd Subha, Nurul Adilla2 nuruladilla@utm.my
Source: Telkomnika. Jun2025, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p703-715. 13p.
Subjects: Water pollution, Internet protocols, Water supply, Water quality, Water utilities
Abstract: Ensuring water quality remains a paramount concern to prevent adverse health effects on consumers. Water quality monitoring primarily focuses on water utilities and infrastructure, such as treatment plants and reservoirs. More information is needed on the status of water once it enters the consumption phase, particularly at the point-of-use (POU). Therefore, this study aims to provide a scientific understanding of water quality in response to microbial contaminants in Malaysia's household water system using the non-invasive benchtop near-infrared (NIR)-Raman spectroscopy approach. This study also provided the effects of seasonal variations and stagnation periods on the quality of water supply, corresponding to microbial contaminants. Findings show that almost 20% of the water samples contained Legionella and Salmonella species through the Raman spectral identification technique. The distinct signature peaks (ranging from 400 cm-1 to 1,800 cm-1) indicative of specific bacterial species are identified. However, benchtop Raman spectroscopy has application constraints in realtime water quality monitoring. Hence, acknowledging its limitation, this study proposed a new internet of things (IoT)-based micro-spectrometer as an alternative to rapid and sustainable POUs water quality assessment. Leveraging IoT protocols enhances the reliability and efficiency of identifying microbiological threats in water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Telkomnika is the property of Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmad Dahlan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Telkomnika%22">Telkomnika</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p703-715. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+pollution%22">Water pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Internet+protocols%22">Internet protocols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+supply%22">Water supply</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+quality%22">Water quality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+utilities%22">Water utilities</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Ensuring water quality remains a paramount concern to prevent adverse health effects on consumers. Water quality monitoring primarily focuses on water utilities and infrastructure, such as treatment plants and reservoirs. More information is needed on the status of water once it enters the consumption phase, particularly at the point-of-use (POU). Therefore, this study aims to provide a scientific understanding of water quality in response to microbial contaminants in Malaysia's household water system using the non-invasive benchtop near-infrared (NIR)-Raman spectroscopy approach. This study also provided the effects of seasonal variations and stagnation periods on the quality of water supply, corresponding to microbial contaminants. Findings show that almost 20% of the water samples contained Legionella and Salmonella species through the Raman spectral identification technique. The distinct signature peaks (ranging from 400 cm-1 to 1,800 cm-1) indicative of specific bacterial species are identified. However, benchtop Raman spectroscopy has application constraints in realtime water quality monitoring. Hence, acknowledging its limitation, this study proposed a new internet of things (IoT)-based micro-spectrometer as an alternative to rapid and sustainable POUs water quality assessment. Leveraging IoT protocols enhances the reliability and efficiency of identifying microbiological threats in water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Telkomnika is the property of Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmad Dahlan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v23i3.26569
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 703
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Water pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Internet protocols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water supply
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water utilities
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Novel internet of things-spectroscopy methods for targeted water pollutants in household point-of-use environments.
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            NameFull: Rahim, Herlina Abdul
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            NameFull: Mohd Subha, Nurul Adilla
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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