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Evaluation of diffusion time–dependent changes in radial diffusivity as a surrogate for axon diameter.

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Title: Evaluation of diffusion time–dependent changes in radial diffusivity as a surrogate for axon diameter.
Authors: Alderson, Hannah E.1,2 (AUTHOR), Does, Mark D.1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Hutchinson, Elizabeth B.5 (AUTHOR), Harkins, Kevin D.1,2,4 (AUTHOR) kevin.d.harkins@vumc.org
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Sep2025, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p1248-1256. 9p.
Subjects: Scanning electron microscopy, Spinal cord, Myelin, Axons, Magnetic resonance imaging
Abstract: Purpose: To experimentally evaluate the change in radial diffusivity with diffusion time (∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$) as a simple estimate of axon diameter. Methods: Ex vivo ferret spinal cords were imaged via MRI and scanning electron microscopy. Region‐of‐interest comparisons were made between ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ and area‐weighted mean axon diameter, deff$$ \left\langle {\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\right\rangle $$, derived from scanning electron microscopy. Additional comparisons were made between ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ and quantitative MRI myelin metrics. Results: A strong linear correlation was found between ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ and deff$$ \left\langle {\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\right\rangle $$. Negative correlations were found between myelin water fraction and ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ as well as bound pool fraction and ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$. Conclusion: The value of ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ is shown to be a good estimate of axon size in ex vivo spinal cords regardless of variations in myelin content, as indicated by quantitative MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evaluation of diffusion time–dependent changes in radial diffusivity as a surrogate for axon diameter.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alderson%2C+Hannah+E%2E%22">Alderson, Hannah E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Does%2C+Mark+D%2E%22">Does, Mark D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hutchinson%2C+Elizabeth+B%2E%22">Hutchinson, Elizabeth B.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harkins%2C+Kevin+D%2E%22">Harkins, Kevin D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kevin.d.harkins@vumc.org</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p1248-1256. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spinal+cord%22">Spinal cord</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Myelin%22">Myelin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Axons%22">Axons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: To experimentally evaluate the change in radial diffusivity with diffusion time (∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$) as a simple estimate of axon diameter. Methods: Ex vivo ferret spinal cords were imaged via MRI and scanning electron microscopy. Region‐of‐interest comparisons were made between ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ and area‐weighted mean axon diameter, deff$$ \left\langle {\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\right\rangle $$, derived from scanning electron microscopy. Additional comparisons were made between ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ and quantitative MRI myelin metrics. Results: A strong linear correlation was found between ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ and deff$$ \left\langle {\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\right\rangle $$. Negative correlations were found between myelin water fraction and ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ as well as bound pool fraction and ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$. Conclusion: The value of ∆D⊥$$ \Delta {\mathrm{D}}_{\perp } $$ is shown to be a good estimate of axon size in ex vivo spinal cords regardless of variations in myelin content, as indicated by quantitative MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.30538
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spinal cord
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Myelin
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Axons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
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      – TitleFull: Evaluation of diffusion time–dependent changes in radial diffusivity as a surrogate for axon diameter.
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            NameFull: Alderson, Hannah E.
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            NameFull: Does, Mark D.
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            NameFull: Hutchinson, Elizabeth B.
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
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              Y: 2025
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