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Improvement of microwave dielectric properties of (Ca, Sr)TiO3‐based ceramics by high‐entropy design.

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Title: Improvement of microwave dielectric properties of (Ca, Sr)TiO3‐based ceramics by high‐entropy design.
Authors: Hou, Xiong1 (AUTHOR), Li, Chengle1 (AUTHOR), Gou, Tianchenxi1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Jialing1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Hongtao1 (AUTHOR) htyu_76@163.com
Source: Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Sep2025, Vol. 108 Issue 9, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Ceramic engineering, Permittivity, Specific gravity, Quality factor, Space groups, Dielectric properties
Abstract: In this study, a series of high‐entropy (Ca, Sr, Ba)[Ti, (Mg1/3Nb2/3)]O3 ceramics were fabricated through solid‐state reaction. Systematic investigations were conducted to examine the effects of varying configurational entropy (Sconf) values on crystal structure, microstructural evolution, and microwave dielectric performance. All samples sintered at temperatures ranging from 1390°C to 1490°C exhibited single‐phase perovskite structures within the Pbnm space group. By employing the P‒V‒L complex chemical bonding theory, we calculated bond ionicity, lattice energy, and bonding energy to elucidate the influence of high‐entropy configurations on dielectric properties. The results indicated that the dielectric constant (εr) exhibited a strong correlation with bond ionicity, relative density, and ionic polarizability as Sconf increased. Notably, high‐entropy ceramics demonstrated superior quality factor (Q × f) values compared to their low‐entropy counterparts, primarily due to the synergistic effects of lattice energy, microstructural refinement, and grain size control. Furthermore, the high‐entropy design induced pronounced [TiO6] octahedral distortion, leading to a significantly reduced temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) compared to conventional (Ca, Sr)TiO3‐based ceramics. The optimal composition (Sconf = 1.71 R), sintered at 1450°C for 2 h, achieved exceptional dielectric properties: εr = 54.23 ± 0.61, Q × f = 16 286 ± 252 GHz, and τf = 17.49 ± 1.12 ppm/°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Improvement of microwave dielectric properties of (Ca, Sr)TiO<subscript>3</subscript>‐based ceramics by high‐entropy design.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society%22">Journal of the American Ceramic Society</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 108 Issue 9, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ceramic+engineering%22">Ceramic engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Permittivity%22">Permittivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Specific+gravity%22">Specific gravity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quality+factor%22">Quality factor</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+groups%22">Space groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dielectric+properties%22">Dielectric properties</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this study, a series of high‐entropy (Ca, Sr, Ba)[Ti, (Mg1/3Nb2/3)]O3 ceramics were fabricated through solid‐state reaction. Systematic investigations were conducted to examine the effects of varying configurational entropy (Sconf) values on crystal structure, microstructural evolution, and microwave dielectric performance. All samples sintered at temperatures ranging from 1390°C to 1490°C exhibited single‐phase perovskite structures within the Pbnm space group. By employing the P‒V‒L complex chemical bonding theory, we calculated bond ionicity, lattice energy, and bonding energy to elucidate the influence of high‐entropy configurations on dielectric properties. The results indicated that the dielectric constant (εr) exhibited a strong correlation with bond ionicity, relative density, and ionic polarizability as Sconf increased. Notably, high‐entropy ceramics demonstrated superior quality factor (Q × f) values compared to their low‐entropy counterparts, primarily due to the synergistic effects of lattice energy, microstructural refinement, and grain size control. Furthermore, the high‐entropy design induced pronounced [TiO6] octahedral distortion, leading to a significantly reduced temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) compared to conventional (Ca, Sr)TiO3‐based ceramics. The optimal composition (Sconf = 1.71 R), sintered at 1450°C for 2 h, achieved exceptional dielectric properties: εr = 54.23 ± 0.61, Q × f = 16 286 ± 252 GHz, and τf = 17.49 ± 1.12 ppm/°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jace.20630
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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      – SubjectFull: Ceramic engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Permittivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Specific gravity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quality factor
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Space groups
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dielectric properties
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Improvement of microwave dielectric properties of (Ca, Sr)TiO3‐based ceramics by high‐entropy design.
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            NameFull: Hou, Xiong
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            NameFull: Li, Chengle
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            NameFull: Gou, Tianchenxi
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            NameFull: Xu, Jialing
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            NameFull: Yu, Hongtao
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 108
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