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Multicomponent carbides reinforced tungsten matrix composites and their mechanical properties.

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Title: Multicomponent carbides reinforced tungsten matrix composites and their mechanical properties.
Authors: Yang, Yalin1 (AUTHOR), Peng, Pai1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Ji‐Xuan1 (AUTHOR) jxliu@dhu.edu.cn, Zhang, Guo‐Jun1 (AUTHOR) gjzhang@dhu.edu.cn
Source: Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Sep2025, Vol. 108 Issue 9, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Tungsten carbide, Vickers hardness, Specific gravity, Flexural strength, Fracture toughness, Metallic composites, Tungsten alloys
Abstract: Although tungsten (W) is widely employed at high temperatures, its inherent brittleness below the ductile‐to‐brittle transition temperature (DBTT) restricts its practical applications. This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of W by reinforcing it with multicomponent carbides. A series of W‐matrix composites with binary and ternary carbides were synthesized via in situ reactions of metal oxides (TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2) and tungsten carbide (WC), followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Thermodynamic calculations and XRD analysis reveal a complete reaction during the synthesis process. The sintered W/carbide composites show relative densities > 95%, uniform carbide phase distribution, small grain sizes, and improved mechanical properties. Among the prepared samples, W/(Ti, Hf)C composite showed optimal mechanical properties: flexural strength of 1166 ± 230 MPa, fracture toughness of 13.41 ± 1.42 MPa·m1/2, and Vickers hardness of 10.15 ± 0.12 GPa. SEM observations revealed that the fracture modes of the W/carbide composites varied with carbide phase composition. The W/monocarbide composites show a single fracture mode, transgranular or intergranular. In contrast, both W/(Ti, Zr)C composite and W/(Ti, Hf)C composite exhibit a mixed fracture mode of intergranular and transgranular, indicating changing the metal element composition in the carbide phase can adjust the interface bonding strength, consequently affecting the fracture mode and the mechanical properties of the W/carbide composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Multicomponent carbides reinforced tungsten matrix composites and their mechanical properties.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Yalin%22">Yang, Yalin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Pai%22">Peng, Pai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Ji‐Xuan%22">Liu, Ji‐Xuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jxliu@dhu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Guo‐Jun%22">Zhang, Guo‐Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gjzhang@dhu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society%22">Journal of the American Ceramic Society</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 108 Issue 9, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tungsten+carbide%22">Tungsten carbide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vickers+hardness%22">Vickers hardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Specific+gravity%22">Specific gravity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flexural+strength%22">Flexural strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+toughness%22">Fracture toughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metallic+composites%22">Metallic composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tungsten+alloys%22">Tungsten alloys</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Although tungsten (W) is widely employed at high temperatures, its inherent brittleness below the ductile‐to‐brittle transition temperature (DBTT) restricts its practical applications. This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of W by reinforcing it with multicomponent carbides. A series of W‐matrix composites with binary and ternary carbides were synthesized via in situ reactions of metal oxides (TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2) and tungsten carbide (WC), followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Thermodynamic calculations and XRD analysis reveal a complete reaction during the synthesis process. The sintered W/carbide composites show relative densities > 95%, uniform carbide phase distribution, small grain sizes, and improved mechanical properties. Among the prepared samples, W/(Ti, Hf)C composite showed optimal mechanical properties: flexural strength of 1166 ± 230 MPa, fracture toughness of 13.41 ± 1.42 MPa·m1/2, and Vickers hardness of 10.15 ± 0.12 GPa. SEM observations revealed that the fracture modes of the W/carbide composites varied with carbide phase composition. The W/monocarbide composites show a single fracture mode, transgranular or intergranular. In contrast, both W/(Ti, Zr)C composite and W/(Ti, Hf)C composite exhibit a mixed fracture mode of intergranular and transgranular, indicating changing the metal element composition in the carbide phase can adjust the interface bonding strength, consequently affecting the fracture mode and the mechanical properties of the W/carbide composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jace.20645
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Tungsten carbide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vickers hardness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Specific gravity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flexural strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fracture toughness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metallic composites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tungsten alloys
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Multicomponent carbides reinforced tungsten matrix composites and their mechanical properties.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yang, Yalin
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          Name:
            NameFull: Peng, Pai
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Liu, Ji‐Xuan
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          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Guo‐Jun
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 108
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              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Journal of the American Ceramic Society
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