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A story of two kingdoms: unravelling the intricacies of protein phase separation in plants and animals.

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Title: A story of two kingdoms: unravelling the intricacies of protein phase separation in plants and animals.
Authors: Li, Min1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Xue1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Di2 (AUTHOR), Tian, Yuan1,3 (AUTHOR), Jia, Zi-Chang1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Wen-Hui1 (AUTHOR), Hao, Rui-Rui3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yun-Sheng4 (AUTHOR) chenyunshenglw@163.com, Chen, Mo-Xian3 (AUTHOR) cmx2009920734@gmail.com, Liu, Ying-Gao1 (AUTHOR) liuyg@sdau.edu.cn
Source: Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. Aug2025, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p1019-1039. 21p.
Subjects: Protein fractionation, Genetic regulation, Phase separation, Plant cells & tissues, Animal adaptation
Abstract: The biomolecular condensates (BCs) formed by proteins through phase separation provide the necessary space and raw materials for the orderly progression of cellular activities, and on this basis, various membraneless organelles (MLOs) are formed. The occurrence of eukaryotic phase separation is driven by multivalent interactions from intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and/or specific protein/nucleic acid binding domains and is regulated by various environmental factors. In plant and animal cells, the MLOs involved in gene expression regulation, stress response, and mitotic control display similar functions and mechanisms. In contrast, the phase separation related to reproductive development and immune regulation differs significantly between the two kingdoms owing to their distinct cell structures and nutritional patterns. In addition, animals and plants each exhibit unique protein phase separation activities, such as neural regulation and light signal response. By comparing the similarities and differences in the formation mechanism and functional regulation of known protein phase separation, we elucidated its importance in the evolution, differentiation, and environmental adaptation of both animals and plants. The significance of studying protein phase separation for enhancing biological quality of life has been further emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Critical Reviews in Biotechnology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A story of two kingdoms: unravelling the intricacies of protein phase separation in plants and animals.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Min%22">Li, Min</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Xue%22">Yang, Xue</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Di%22">Zhang, Di</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tian%2C+Yuan%22">Tian, Yuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jia%2C+Zi-Chang%22">Jia, Zi-Chang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Wen-Hui%22">Liu, Wen-Hui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hao%2C+Rui-Rui%22">Hao, Rui-Rui</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yun-Sheng%22">Chen, Yun-Sheng</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chenyunshenglw@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Mo-Xian%22">Chen, Mo-Xian</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> cmx2009920734@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Ying-Gao%22">Liu, Ying-Gao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liuyg@sdau.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Critical+Reviews+in+Biotechnology%22">Critical Reviews in Biotechnology</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p1019-1039. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protein+fractionation%22">Protein fractionation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+regulation%22">Genetic regulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+separation%22">Phase separation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+cells+%26+tissues%22">Plant cells & tissues</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+adaptation%22">Animal adaptation</searchLink>
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  Data: The biomolecular condensates (BCs) formed by proteins through phase separation provide the necessary space and raw materials for the orderly progression of cellular activities, and on this basis, various membraneless organelles (MLOs) are formed. The occurrence of eukaryotic phase separation is driven by multivalent interactions from intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and/or specific protein/nucleic acid binding domains and is regulated by various environmental factors. In plant and animal cells, the MLOs involved in gene expression regulation, stress response, and mitotic control display similar functions and mechanisms. In contrast, the phase separation related to reproductive development and immune regulation differs significantly between the two kingdoms owing to their distinct cell structures and nutritional patterns. In addition, animals and plants each exhibit unique protein phase separation activities, such as neural regulation and light signal response. By comparing the similarities and differences in the formation mechanism and functional regulation of known protein phase separation, we elucidated its importance in the evolution, differentiation, and environmental adaptation of both animals and plants. The significance of studying protein phase separation for enhancing biological quality of life has been further emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Critical Reviews in Biotechnology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2425989
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 1019
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Protein fractionation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetic regulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase separation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant cells & tissues
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animal adaptation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A story of two kingdoms: unravelling the intricacies of protein phase separation in plants and animals.
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            NameFull: Li, Min
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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