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Low-Energy Accelerators of Large Cross-Section Electron Beams with the Extraction into the Atmosphere (A Review).

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Title: Low-Energy Accelerators of Large Cross-Section Electron Beams with the Extraction into the Atmosphere (A Review).
Authors: Grishkov, A. A.1 (AUTHOR), Vorobyov, M. S.1 (AUTHOR) vorobyovms@yandex.ru, Doroshkevich, S. Yu.1 (AUTHOR), Koval, N. N.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Instruments & Experimental Techniques. Apr2025, Vol. 68 Issue 2, p187-205. 19p.
Subjects: Particles (Nuclear physics), Electron accelerators, Electron emission, Electron density, Physical sciences, Glow discharges, Electron beams
Abstract: A large array of experimental data on the extraction of large cross-section electron beams into the atmosphere using low-energy (80–300 keV) electron accelerators has been analyzed. The electron accelerators considered are based on various emission types: thermionic emission, explosive electron emission, different plasma-cathode discharges, and a high-voltage glow discharge. The "large area effect" has been retrospectively demonstrated and quantified, which consists in reducing the maximum current density of an electron beam extracted into the atmosphere with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the beam, but while maintaining stable generation conditions. Based on the data analysis, it is shown that there is a technological constraint on the average power density of large cross-section electron beams generated by low-energy electron accelerators, which is as high as 40 W/cm2. This constraint is associated with the resistance of thin foils for extracting electron beams from vacuum into the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Instruments & Experimental Techniques is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Instruments+%26+Experimental+Techniques%22">Instruments & Experimental Techniques</searchLink>. Apr2025, Vol. 68 Issue 2, p187-205. 19p.
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  Data: A large array of experimental data on the extraction of large cross-section electron beams into the atmosphere using low-energy (80–300 keV) electron accelerators has been analyzed. The electron accelerators considered are based on various emission types: thermionic emission, explosive electron emission, different plasma-cathode discharges, and a high-voltage glow discharge. The "large area effect" has been retrospectively demonstrated and quantified, which consists in reducing the maximum current density of an electron beam extracted into the atmosphere with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the beam, but while maintaining stable generation conditions. Based on the data analysis, it is shown that there is a technological constraint on the average power density of large cross-section electron beams generated by low-energy electron accelerators, which is as high as 40 W/cm2. This constraint is associated with the resistance of thin foils for extracting electron beams from vacuum into the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Instruments & Experimental Techniques is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1134/S0020441225700320
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        Text: English
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              Text: Apr2025
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