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Development of Al foil-based flexible ZnO nanowires/PTAA hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerators.

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Title: Development of Al foil-based flexible ZnO nanowires/PTAA hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerators.
Authors: Ramyashri, S.1 (AUTHOR), Amiruddin, R.1 (AUTHOR) amir@crescent.education, Emelyanov, Andrey V.2 (AUTHOR), Santhosh Kumar, M.C.3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Surface Science. Nov2025, Vol. 709, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Nanogenerators, Triboelectricity, Aluminum foil, Aluminum films, Alternating currents
Abstract: Figure schematic illustration of the (a) triboelectric effect-assisted piezoelectric voltage generation mechanism and (b) electron transfer mechanism between PTAA and Cu electrodes during finger-tapping (contact electrification). [Display omitted] • Efficient piezoelectric nanogenerators are reported using ZnO nanowires/poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]. • A piezoelectric voltage of 5.3 V (AC) and a power density of 3.71 nW/cm2 were produced by the fabricated PENG. • The research work proclaims PTAA as an efficient hole injection layer for suppressing the screening effect in ZnO nanowires. The present research work demonstrates ZnO nanowires/poly [bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA)-based bilayered piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) assisted by the triboelectric effect. The flexible PENGs were fabricated by depositing ZnO thin films onto an aluminium foil substrate using the spray pyrolysis method. The morphology of the ZnO layers was modified into one-dimensional nanowires by aqueous chemical growth (ACG) process. Morphological analysis confirms the vertical growth of ZnO nanowires with an average length of 2600 ± 15 nm. The XRD analysis confirms the wurtzite ZnO structure with an average crystallite size of 44 nm. The Raman peaks at 1611 cm−1 (C–N bonds) and 1325 cm−1 (C–C bonds) validate the formation of the PTAA layers. The ZnO nanowire-based PENG generated an alternating current (AC) voltage of 620 mV and a power density of 124 pW/cm2 under finger-tapping test. To suppress the screening effect, the PTAA hole injection layer (HIL) was deposited upon ZnO nanowires. ZnO nanowires/PTAA bilayered PENG produced an AC voltage of 5.3 V and a power density of 3.71 nW/cm2. The analysis elucidates the role of PTAA as an efficient HIL in suppressing the screening effect in ZnO nanowires, which leads to the subsequent improvement of the piezoelectric output voltage of the fabricated PENG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Development of Al foil-based flexible ZnO nanowires/PTAA hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerators.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramyashri%2C+S%2E%22">Ramyashri, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amiruddin%2C+R%2E%22">Amiruddin, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> amir@crescent.education</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emelyanov%2C+Andrey+V%2E%22">Emelyanov, Andrey V.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Santhosh+Kumar%2C+M%2EC%2E%22">Santhosh Kumar, M.C.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Surface+Science%22">Applied Surface Science</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 709, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Figure schematic illustration of the (a) triboelectric effect-assisted piezoelectric voltage generation mechanism and (b) electron transfer mechanism between PTAA and Cu electrodes during finger-tapping (contact electrification). [Display omitted] • Efficient piezoelectric nanogenerators are reported using ZnO nanowires/poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]. • A piezoelectric voltage of 5.3 V (AC) and a power density of 3.71 nW/cm2 were produced by the fabricated PENG. • The research work proclaims PTAA as an efficient hole injection layer for suppressing the screening effect in ZnO nanowires. The present research work demonstrates ZnO nanowires/poly [bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA)-based bilayered piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) assisted by the triboelectric effect. The flexible PENGs were fabricated by depositing ZnO thin films onto an aluminium foil substrate using the spray pyrolysis method. The morphology of the ZnO layers was modified into one-dimensional nanowires by aqueous chemical growth (ACG) process. Morphological analysis confirms the vertical growth of ZnO nanowires with an average length of 2600 ± 15 nm. The XRD analysis confirms the wurtzite ZnO structure with an average crystallite size of 44 nm. The Raman peaks at 1611 cm−1 (C–N bonds) and 1325 cm−1 (C–C bonds) validate the formation of the PTAA layers. The ZnO nanowire-based PENG generated an alternating current (AC) voltage of 620 mV and a power density of 124 pW/cm2 under finger-tapping test. To suppress the screening effect, the PTAA hole injection layer (HIL) was deposited upon ZnO nanowires. ZnO nanowires/PTAA bilayered PENG produced an AC voltage of 5.3 V and a power density of 3.71 nW/cm2. The analysis elucidates the role of PTAA as an efficient HIL in suppressing the screening effect in ZnO nanowires, which leads to the subsequent improvement of the piezoelectric output voltage of the fabricated PENG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163818
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Triboelectricity
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      – SubjectFull: Aluminum foil
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      – SubjectFull: Aluminum films
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alternating currents
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      – TitleFull: Development of Al foil-based flexible ZnO nanowires/PTAA hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerators.
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            NameFull: Ramyashri, S.
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              Text: Nov2025
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