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Enhancing Underwater LiDAR Accuracy Through a Multi-Scattering Model for Pulsed Laser Echoes.

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Title: Enhancing Underwater LiDAR Accuracy Through a Multi-Scattering Model for Pulsed Laser Echoes.
Authors: Dong, Ruichun1 (AUTHOR), Fang, Xin1,2 (AUTHOR) xinf@ustc.edu.cn, Meng, Xiangqian3 (AUTHOR), Yang, Chengyun1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Tao1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Remote Sensing. Jul2025, Vol. 17 Issue 13, p2251. 19p.
Subjects: LIDAR, Multiple scattering (Physics), Monte Carlo method, Hydrographic surveying, Attenuation of light, Light propagation, Laser pulses, Detection algorithms
Abstract: In airborne LiDAR measurements of shallow water bathymetry, conventional data processing often overlooks the radiative losses associated with multiple scattering events, affecting detection accuracy. This study presents a Monte Carlo-based approach to construct a mathematical model that accurately characterizes the multiple returns in airborne laser bathymetric systems. The model enables rapid simulation of laser propagation through water, accounting for multiple scattering events. Based on the Beer–Lambert law and incorporating the parameters of typical Jerlov 1 clear coastal water, the proposed model achieves a seamless integration of the H-G phase function with a Monte Carlo random process, enabling accurate simulation and validation of pulse temporal broadening in waters with varying optical transparency. Unlike most existing studies, which primarily focus on modeling the laser emission process, this work introduces a novel perspective by analyzing the probability of light reception in LiDAR return signals, offering a more comprehensive understanding of signal attenuation and detection performance in underwater environments. The results demonstrate that, for detecting underwater targets at depths of 10 m, considering three or more scattering events improves the accuracy by ~7%. For detecting underwater targets at depths of 50 m, considering three or more scattering events improves the accuracy by 15~33%. These findings can help enhance the detection accuracy and efficiency of experimental systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 186597342
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Enhancing Underwater LiDAR Accuracy Through a Multi-Scattering Model for Pulsed Laser Echoes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Ruichun%22">Dong, Ruichun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fang%2C+Xin%22">Fang, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xinf@ustc.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meng%2C+Xiangqian%22">Meng, Xiangqian</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Chengyun%22">Yang, Chengyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Tao%22">Li, Tao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 17 Issue 13, p2251. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LIDAR%22">LIDAR</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+scattering+%28Physics%29%22">Multiple scattering (Physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Monte+Carlo+method%22">Monte Carlo method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrographic+surveying%22">Hydrographic surveying</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attenuation+of+light%22">Attenuation of light</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+propagation%22">Light propagation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+pulses%22">Laser pulses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detection+algorithms%22">Detection algorithms</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In airborne LiDAR measurements of shallow water bathymetry, conventional data processing often overlooks the radiative losses associated with multiple scattering events, affecting detection accuracy. This study presents a Monte Carlo-based approach to construct a mathematical model that accurately characterizes the multiple returns in airborne laser bathymetric systems. The model enables rapid simulation of laser propagation through water, accounting for multiple scattering events. Based on the Beer–Lambert law and incorporating the parameters of typical Jerlov 1 clear coastal water, the proposed model achieves a seamless integration of the H-G phase function with a Monte Carlo random process, enabling accurate simulation and validation of pulse temporal broadening in waters with varying optical transparency. Unlike most existing studies, which primarily focus on modeling the laser emission process, this work introduces a novel perspective by analyzing the probability of light reception in LiDAR return signals, offering a more comprehensive understanding of signal attenuation and detection performance in underwater environments. The results demonstrate that, for detecting underwater targets at depths of 10 m, considering three or more scattering events improves the accuracy by ~7%. For detecting underwater targets at depths of 50 m, considering three or more scattering events improves the accuracy by 15~33%. These findings can help enhance the detection accuracy and efficiency of experimental systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.3390/rs17132251
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 2251
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: LIDAR
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple scattering (Physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Monte Carlo method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrographic surveying
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attenuation of light
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Light propagation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser pulses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Detection algorithms
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Enhancing Underwater LiDAR Accuracy Through a Multi-Scattering Model for Pulsed Laser Echoes.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Dong, Ruichun
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            NameFull: Fang, Xin
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            NameFull: Meng, Xiangqian
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            NameFull: Yang, Chengyun
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            NameFull: Li, Tao
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 17
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              Value: 13
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