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Comparative In-Depth Investigation of Benchmark Graphene Oxides in the Perspective of Their Integration into Industrial Production Processes.

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Title: Comparative In-Depth Investigation of Benchmark Graphene Oxides in the Perspective of Their Integration into Industrial Production Processes.
Authors: Mathioudakis, Georgios N.1 (AUTHOR), Visvini, Glykeria A.1 (AUTHOR), Sygellou, Labrini1 (AUTHOR), Soto Beobide, Amaia1 (AUTHOR), Voyiatzis, George A.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jul2025, Vol. 15 Issue 13, p980. 15p.
Subjects: Graphene oxide, Industrial applications, Mechanical behavior of materials, Spectrometry, Composite materials, Thermal stability, Structural analysis (Science), Functional groups
Abstract: The incorporation of commercial graphene oxide (GO) into composites offers significant improvements in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making it a promising material for industrial applications. This study presents a comprehensive characterization analysis of five commercial GOs, using advanced techniques to evaluate their structural, chemical, and especially their behavior when submitted to thermal treatment. The aim is to enable the use of GO in industrial processes of particular technological importance, where its thermal stability/integrity is required, such as in polymer composites, electronic and energy storage devices, among others. Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy are employed to examine the structural defects and functional groups of GOs, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides insight into the crystallinity and interlayer spacing. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) assesses the thermal stability, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) offers detailed information on the surface chemistry and relevant elemental composition of GOs. Additionally, the temperature-dependent behavior of GOs is explored through temperature-dependent XRD and IR measurements to investigate the thermal expansion and functional group stability. The study highlights the critical role of oxygen-containing groups—such as epoxides, hydroxyls, and carboxyls—while variations in the type and concentration of these functional groups across commercial GOs could influence the compatibility and performance of nanocomposites. This research attempts to fill to some extent the gap in understanding how the unique properties of different commercial GOs can be strategically applied to meet specific industrial performance requirements, such as barrier properties, transport efficiency, or mechanical strength, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Comparative In-Depth Investigation of Benchmark Graphene Oxides in the Perspective of Their Integration into Industrial Production Processes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 15 Issue 13, p980. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene+oxide%22">Graphene oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+applications%22">Industrial applications</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spectrometry%22">Spectrometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+analysis+%28Science%29%22">Structural analysis (Science)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+groups%22">Functional groups</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The incorporation of commercial graphene oxide (GO) into composites offers significant improvements in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making it a promising material for industrial applications. This study presents a comprehensive characterization analysis of five commercial GOs, using advanced techniques to evaluate their structural, chemical, and especially their behavior when submitted to thermal treatment. The aim is to enable the use of GO in industrial processes of particular technological importance, where its thermal stability/integrity is required, such as in polymer composites, electronic and energy storage devices, among others. Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy are employed to examine the structural defects and functional groups of GOs, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides insight into the crystallinity and interlayer spacing. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) assesses the thermal stability, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) offers detailed information on the surface chemistry and relevant elemental composition of GOs. Additionally, the temperature-dependent behavior of GOs is explored through temperature-dependent XRD and IR measurements to investigate the thermal expansion and functional group stability. The study highlights the critical role of oxygen-containing groups—such as epoxides, hydroxyls, and carboxyls—while variations in the type and concentration of these functional groups across commercial GOs could influence the compatibility and performance of nanocomposites. This research attempts to fill to some extent the gap in understanding how the unique properties of different commercial GOs can be strategically applied to meet specific industrial performance requirements, such as barrier properties, transport efficiency, or mechanical strength, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano15130980
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Graphene oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial applications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Spectrometry
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      – SubjectFull: Composite materials
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
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      – SubjectFull: Structural analysis (Science)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional groups
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Comparative In-Depth Investigation of Benchmark Graphene Oxides in the Perspective of Their Integration into Industrial Production Processes.
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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