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Self-healing mechanisms in concrete cured in CO2-saturated environments: Synergistic effects of biomass forest ash and metakaolin.

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Title: Self-healing mechanisms in concrete cured in CO2-saturated environments: Synergistic effects of biomass forest ash and metakaolin.
Authors: Cantero, B.1 (AUTHOR), Seara-Paz, S.1 (AUTHOR), Cuenca, E.2 (AUTHOR), Ferrara, L.2 (AUTHOR), González-Fonteboa, B.1 (AUTHOR) bfonteboa@udc.es
Source: Cement & Concrete Composites. Oct2025, Vol. 163, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Forest biomass, Water immersion, Portland cement, Seltzer water, Surface cracks
Abstract: This study investigates the effect of autogenous self-healing in high-performance ternary concrete mixes incorporating biomass forest ash when exposed to concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2). To analyse this phenomenon, three cementitious systems were studied: i) 100 % Portland cement, ii) 60 % Portland cement, 25 % biomass ash, and 15 % metakaolin, and iii) 60 % Portland cement, 25 % limestone filler, and 15 % metakaolin. The samples, prepared with different initial crack widths, were subjected to four self-healing conditions: i) continuous immersion in tap water (TW), ii) wet-dry cycles in TW, iii) continuous immersion in carbonated water (CW), and iv) wet-dry cycles in CW, over two exposure periods (28 and 90 days). The effectiveness of the process was evaluated through the analysis of surface crack sealing using a digital microscope and the recovery of impermeability through water permeability tests. To understand the chemical mechanisms involved, the self-healing products formed were analysed using SEM. The results showed that the samples self-healed in CW tended to exhibit lower surface sealing efficiency compared to TW, regardless of the mix type, due to the slightly acidic pH caused by the dissolution of CO 2 into carbonic acid. However, in the higher pH inside the cracks promoted the precipitation of calcium carbonates, improving internal impermeability even without achieving effective surface sealing. In this context, biomass ash was particularly effective as a water reservoir, promoting more efficient internal curing when combined with metakaolin and achieving better results in terms of internal impermeability than conventional mixes with cement or limestone filler combined with metakaolin. • Ternary cement with biomass forest ash enhances self-healing in CO 2 -rich environments. • Biomass forest ash improves internal curing, promoting self-healing. • PH evolution within cracks governs self-healing in CO 2 -rich environments. • Self-healing in CO 2 -rich environments favors internal over surface crack healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cement & Concrete Composites is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Self-healing mechanisms in concrete cured in CO2-saturated environments: Synergistic effects of biomass forest ash and metakaolin.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cantero%2C+B%2E%22">Cantero, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seara-Paz%2C+S%2E%22">Seara-Paz, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cuenca%2C+E%2E%22">Cuenca, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferrara%2C+L%2E%22">Ferrara, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22González-Fonteboa%2C+B%2E%22">González-Fonteboa, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bfonteboa@udc.es</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Cement+%26+Concrete+Composites%22">Cement & Concrete Composites</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 163, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+biomass%22">Forest biomass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+immersion%22">Water immersion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Portland+cement%22">Portland cement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seltzer+water%22">Seltzer water</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+cracks%22">Surface cracks</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the effect of autogenous self-healing in high-performance ternary concrete mixes incorporating biomass forest ash when exposed to concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2). To analyse this phenomenon, three cementitious systems were studied: i) 100 % Portland cement, ii) 60 % Portland cement, 25 % biomass ash, and 15 % metakaolin, and iii) 60 % Portland cement, 25 % limestone filler, and 15 % metakaolin. The samples, prepared with different initial crack widths, were subjected to four self-healing conditions: i) continuous immersion in tap water (TW), ii) wet-dry cycles in TW, iii) continuous immersion in carbonated water (CW), and iv) wet-dry cycles in CW, over two exposure periods (28 and 90 days). The effectiveness of the process was evaluated through the analysis of surface crack sealing using a digital microscope and the recovery of impermeability through water permeability tests. To understand the chemical mechanisms involved, the self-healing products formed were analysed using SEM. The results showed that the samples self-healed in CW tended to exhibit lower surface sealing efficiency compared to TW, regardless of the mix type, due to the slightly acidic pH caused by the dissolution of CO 2 into carbonic acid. However, in the higher pH inside the cracks promoted the precipitation of calcium carbonates, improving internal impermeability even without achieving effective surface sealing. In this context, biomass ash was particularly effective as a water reservoir, promoting more efficient internal curing when combined with metakaolin and achieving better results in terms of internal impermeability than conventional mixes with cement or limestone filler combined with metakaolin. • Ternary cement with biomass forest ash enhances self-healing in CO 2 -rich environments. • Biomass forest ash improves internal curing, promoting self-healing. • PH evolution within cracks governs self-healing in CO 2 -rich environments. • Self-healing in CO 2 -rich environments favors internal over surface crack healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Cement & Concrete Composites is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106160
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water immersion
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      – SubjectFull: Portland cement
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      – SubjectFull: Seltzer water
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      – SubjectFull: Surface cracks
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Self-healing mechanisms in concrete cured in CO2-saturated environments: Synergistic effects of biomass forest ash and metakaolin.
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            NameFull: Cantero, B.
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            NameFull: Seara-Paz, S.
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              Text: Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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              Value: 163
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