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Terahertz pulses generate two types of laser-induced periodic surface structures on phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5.

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Title: Terahertz pulses generate two types of laser-induced periodic surface structures on phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5.
Authors: Wang, You Wei1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Zihao1 (AUTHOR), Kato, Kosaku1 (AUTHOR), Agulto, Verdad C.1 (AUTHOR), Phan, Thanh Nhat Khoa1 (AUTHOR), Makino, Kotaro2 (AUTHOR), Tominaga, Junji3 (AUTHOR), Isoyama, Goro4 (AUTHOR), Nakajima, Makoto1 (AUTHOR) nakajima.makoto.ile@osaka-u.ac.jp
Source: Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing. Jul2025, Vol. 131 Issue 7, p1-7. 7p.
Subjects: Submillimeter waves, Phase change materials, Physical sciences, Surface structure, Refractive index
Abstract: This study investigates the formation of two types of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) using terahertz free-electron laser (THz-FEL) irradiation. The THz pulses used in this study consist of a macro pulse containing 150 micro pulses, each with a duration of 2 ps. The central wavelength λ of the THz radiation is 75 μm. By exposing GST to THz-FEL pulses at fluences up to 35 J/cm2, two distinct periodic structures were observed: low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) and high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL). The LSFL formed parallel to the laser's polarization direction with a period of approximately λ/4.5. The HSFL, with a period λ/18, formed perpendicular to the polarization near the ablation edges. The periods of the generated HSFL and LSFL are 4 μm and 16 μm, respectively, and can be observed with an optical microscope. The period of the LSFL is generally consistent with λ/n (where n is the material's refractive index), which is the approximate value expected based on previous reports in the optical region. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of LIPSS formation mechanisms under long-wavelength terahertz irradiation and suggests pathways for fine-tuned surface structuring applications using THz-FEL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Terahertz pulses generate two types of laser-induced periodic surface structures on phase change material Ge<subscript>2</subscript>Sb<subscript>2</subscript>Te<subscript>5</subscript>.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+You+Wei%22">Wang, You Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Zihao%22">Yang, Zihao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kato%2C+Kosaku%22">Kato, Kosaku</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agulto%2C+Verdad+C%2E%22">Agulto, Verdad C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Phan%2C+Thanh+Nhat+Khoa%22">Phan, Thanh Nhat Khoa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Makino%2C+Kotaro%22">Makino, Kotaro</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tominaga%2C+Junji%22">Tominaga, Junji</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Isoyama%2C+Goro%22">Isoyama, Goro</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakajima%2C+Makoto%22">Nakajima, Makoto</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nakajima.makoto.ile@osaka-u.ac.jp</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Physics+A%3A+Materials+Science+%26+Processing%22">Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 131 Issue 7, p1-7. 7p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Submillimeter+waves%22">Submillimeter waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+change+materials%22">Phase change materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+sciences%22">Physical sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+structure%22">Surface structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refractive+index%22">Refractive index</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the formation of two types of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) using terahertz free-electron laser (THz-FEL) irradiation. The THz pulses used in this study consist of a macro pulse containing 150 micro pulses, each with a duration of 2 ps. The central wavelength λ of the THz radiation is 75 μm. By exposing GST to THz-FEL pulses at fluences up to 35 J/cm2, two distinct periodic structures were observed: low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) and high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL). The LSFL formed parallel to the laser's polarization direction with a period of approximately λ/4.5. The HSFL, with a period λ/18, formed perpendicular to the polarization near the ablation edges. The periods of the generated HSFL and LSFL are 4 μm and 16 μm, respectively, and can be observed with an optical microscope. The period of the LSFL is generally consistent with λ/n (where n is the material's refractive index), which is the approximate value expected based on previous reports in the optical region. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of LIPSS formation mechanisms under long-wavelength terahertz irradiation and suggests pathways for fine-tuned surface structuring applications using THz-FEL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00339-025-08679-5
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase change materials
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      – SubjectFull: Physical sciences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface structure
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      – SubjectFull: Refractive index
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      – TitleFull: Terahertz pulses generate two types of laser-induced periodic surface structures on phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5.
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
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