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Quantifying the influence of environmental factors on elasmobranch distribution and abundance in a high-use marine protected area.

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Title: Quantifying the influence of environmental factors on elasmobranch distribution and abundance in a high-use marine protected area.
Authors: Sebastian, Pascal1 (AUTHOR) pascal@indooceanproject.org, Jane Stean, Serena1 (AUTHOR), Rabbani Erawan, Ahmad Ilham1 (AUTHOR), Gotama, Rinaldi1,2 (AUTHOR), Swarya, I Nengah1 (AUTHOR), Sparks, Lauren Dawn1 (AUTHOR), Prasetijo, Rahmadi3,4 (AUTHOR), Prima Prasetyo, Andhika5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Marine Environmental Research. Sep2025, Vol. 210, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Marine ecosystem health, Marine parks & reserves, Sponges (Invertebrates), Environmental monitoring, Endangered species, Sustainable tourism
Abstract: Elasmobranchs, comprising sharks and rays, are vital indicators of marine ecosystem health but face increasing threats from anthropogenic pressures such as overfishing, habitat degradation, and tourism-related disturbances. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely promoted as conservation tools to mitigate these threats, yet their effectiveness, particularly in multi-use zones, remains uncertain. This study employed Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) surveys across four MPA zones in Nusa Penida to assess elasmobranch distribution, relative abundance, and habitat associations. From 212 BRUV deployments between 2018 and 2023, we recorded 119 elasmobranch individuals across 13 species, with a sightings per unit effort (SPUE) of 0.48 MaxN per hour, reflecting only a marginal increase from the 2016 baseline of 0.39 MaxN per hour. Elasmobranch distribution varied across regions, with the highest species diversity observed in the northern and western areas where BRUV sites were associated with hard coral, rubble, and key invertebrates such as sponges, ascidians, and anemones. The southern region was characterized by repeated sightings of reef manta rays, reinforcing its function as a key aggregation site. In contrast, the eastern region recorded very few elasmobranch encounters, though the presence of endangered pelagic species suggests it may warrant further monitoring and protection. These findings suggest that biological and environmental conditions may influence elasmobranch presence independently of protection status. The limited change in relative abundance highlights the urgent need for improved enforcement, refined fisheries and tourism regulation, and habitat-based management strategies to strengthen the MPA's role in regional elasmobranch conservation. • BRUV surveys recorded 13 elasmobranch species across Nusa Penida MPA. • Ray SPUE was higher in southern no-take zones; shark SPUE showed no differences. • Reef, demersal, and pelagic species showed distinct habitat associations. • Elasmobranch recovery remains limited under current management capacity. • Findings support inclusive spatial planning and targeted enforcement efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Marine Environmental Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Quantifying the influence of environmental factors on elasmobranch distribution and abundance in a high-use marine protected area.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sebastian%2C+Pascal%22">Sebastian, Pascal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pascal@indooceanproject.org</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jane+Stean%2C+Serena%22">Jane Stean, Serena</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rabbani+Erawan%2C+Ahmad+Ilham%22">Rabbani Erawan, Ahmad Ilham</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gotama%2C+Rinaldi%22">Gotama, Rinaldi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swarya%2C+I+Nengah%22">Swarya, I Nengah</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sparks%2C+Lauren+Dawn%22">Sparks, Lauren Dawn</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prasetijo%2C+Rahmadi%22">Prasetijo, Rahmadi</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prima+Prasetyo%2C+Andhika%22">Prima Prasetyo, Andhika</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Marine+Environmental+Research%22">Marine Environmental Research</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 210, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Elasmobranchs, comprising sharks and rays, are vital indicators of marine ecosystem health but face increasing threats from anthropogenic pressures such as overfishing, habitat degradation, and tourism-related disturbances. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely promoted as conservation tools to mitigate these threats, yet their effectiveness, particularly in multi-use zones, remains uncertain. This study employed Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) surveys across four MPA zones in Nusa Penida to assess elasmobranch distribution, relative abundance, and habitat associations. From 212 BRUV deployments between 2018 and 2023, we recorded 119 elasmobranch individuals across 13 species, with a sightings per unit effort (SPUE) of 0.48 MaxN per hour, reflecting only a marginal increase from the 2016 baseline of 0.39 MaxN per hour. Elasmobranch distribution varied across regions, with the highest species diversity observed in the northern and western areas where BRUV sites were associated with hard coral, rubble, and key invertebrates such as sponges, ascidians, and anemones. The southern region was characterized by repeated sightings of reef manta rays, reinforcing its function as a key aggregation site. In contrast, the eastern region recorded very few elasmobranch encounters, though the presence of endangered pelagic species suggests it may warrant further monitoring and protection. These findings suggest that biological and environmental conditions may influence elasmobranch presence independently of protection status. The limited change in relative abundance highlights the urgent need for improved enforcement, refined fisheries and tourism regulation, and habitat-based management strategies to strengthen the MPA's role in regional elasmobranch conservation. • BRUV surveys recorded 13 elasmobranch species across Nusa Penida MPA. • Ray SPUE was higher in southern no-take zones; shark SPUE showed no differences. • Reef, demersal, and pelagic species showed distinct habitat associations. • Elasmobranch recovery remains limited under current management capacity. • Findings support inclusive spatial planning and targeted enforcement efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Marine Environmental Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107317
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Marine ecosystem health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine parks & reserves
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      – SubjectFull: Sponges (Invertebrates)
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental monitoring
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      – SubjectFull: Endangered species
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable tourism
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
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