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Could we efficiently operate 3D silicon pixel-based tracking detectors irradiated with neutron fluences up to [formula omitted]?

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Title: Could we efficiently operate 3D silicon pixel-based tracking detectors irradiated with neutron fluences up to [formula omitted]?
Authors: Lampis, A.1 (AUTHOR) andrea.lampis@ca.infn.it, Addison, M.2 (AUTHOR), Bellora, A.3 (AUTHOR), Boscardin, M.4,5 (AUTHOR), Cardini, A.1 (AUTHOR), Cossu, G.M.1 (AUTHOR), Dalla Betta, G.F.5,6 (AUTHOR), La Delfa, L.1 (AUTHOR), Lai, A.1 (AUTHOR), Loi, A.1 (AUTHOR), Obertino, M.3,7 (AUTHOR), Ronchin, S.4 (AUTHOR), Vecchi, S.8 (AUTHOR), Verdoglia, M.1,9 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A. Nov2025, Vol. 1080, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Nuclear counters, Particle detectors, Neutron counters, Colliders (Nuclear physics), Detectors
Abstract: Future new high luminosity colliders will require exceptionally radiation tolerant detectors, in particular those that will be closer to the interaction regions, i.e. tracking and vertexing detectors. 3D trench pixel sensors developed by the TimeSPOT R&D project have shown an incredible time resolution of about 10 ps and radiation hardness up to 1 ⋅ 1 0 17 1 MeV n eq cm − 2 . To push these limits further, a new irradiation campaign has recently been completed at the TRIGA Mark II Reactor at the Jožef Stefan Institute, reaching extreme fluences of 1 ⋅ 1 0 18 1 MeV n eq cm − 2 . To evaluate the post-irradiation performance, a dedicated Transient Current Technique (TCT) setup has been developed at the INFN Cagliari laboratories, employing a laser system for controlled energy deposition with a micro-metric spatial accuracy, within the sensors. The TCT characterizations show a complete recovery for the charge collection efficiency (CCE) for the 1 ⋅ 1 0 17 1 MeV n eq cm − 2 which is compatible to what was measured on a recently conducted beam test by using minimum ionizing particles. However, sensors irradiated to the highest fluences exhibit an incomplete recovery of CCE at the tested bias (up to 400 V) suggesting that even higher bias voltages will be necessary to optimize charge collection and detection efficiency under such extreme condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Could we efficiently operate 3D silicon pixel-based tracking detectors irradiated with neutron fluences up to [formula omitted]?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lampis%2C+A%2E%22">Lampis, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> andrea.lampis@ca.infn.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Addison%2C+M%2E%22">Addison, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bellora%2C+A%2E%22">Bellora, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boscardin%2C+M%2E%22">Boscardin, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cardini%2C+A%2E%22">Cardini, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cossu%2C+G%2EM%2E%22">Cossu, G.M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dalla+Betta%2C+G%2EF%2E%22">Dalla Betta, G.F.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22La+Delfa%2C+L%2E%22">La Delfa, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lai%2C+A%2E%22">Lai, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Loi%2C+A%2E%22">Loi, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Obertino%2C+M%2E%22">Obertino, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ronchin%2C+S%2E%22">Ronchin, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vecchi%2C+S%2E%22">Vecchi, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Verdoglia%2C+M%2E%22">Verdoglia, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nuclear+Instruments+%26+Methods+in+Physics+Research+Section+A%22">Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 1080, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nuclear+counters%22">Nuclear counters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+detectors%22">Particle detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neutron+counters%22">Neutron counters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colliders+%28Nuclear+physics%29%22">Colliders (Nuclear physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detectors%22">Detectors</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Future new high luminosity colliders will require exceptionally radiation tolerant detectors, in particular those that will be closer to the interaction regions, i.e. tracking and vertexing detectors. 3D trench pixel sensors developed by the TimeSPOT R&D project have shown an incredible time resolution of about 10 ps and radiation hardness up to 1 ⋅ 1 0 17 1 MeV n eq cm − 2 . To push these limits further, a new irradiation campaign has recently been completed at the TRIGA Mark II Reactor at the Jožef Stefan Institute, reaching extreme fluences of 1 ⋅ 1 0 18 1 MeV n eq cm − 2 . To evaluate the post-irradiation performance, a dedicated Transient Current Technique (TCT) setup has been developed at the INFN Cagliari laboratories, employing a laser system for controlled energy deposition with a micro-metric spatial accuracy, within the sensors. The TCT characterizations show a complete recovery for the charge collection efficiency (CCE) for the 1 ⋅ 1 0 17 1 MeV n eq cm − 2 which is compatible to what was measured on a recently conducted beam test by using minimum ionizing particles. However, sensors irradiated to the highest fluences exhibit an incomplete recovery of CCE at the tested bias (up to 400 V) suggesting that even higher bias voltages will be necessary to optimize charge collection and detection efficiency under such extreme condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170761
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