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What friction angle would characterize a pile–soil interface as "rough" or "smooth"?

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Title: What friction angle would characterize a pile–soil interface as "rough" or "smooth"?
Authors: Ding, Zhaowei1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Wang1 (AUTHOR) wuwang@cdut.edu.cn, Song, Chunyu2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Shengli3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Acta Geotechnica. Jul2025, Vol. 20 Issue 7, p3163-3175. 13p.
Subjects: Interfacial roughness, Interfacial friction, Shear strength, Lateral loads, Shear strength of soils, Poisson's ratio, Interfaces (Physical sciences)
Abstract: This paper revisits an age-old conundrum, that of "roughness," with a fresh perspective gained from a novel analytical solution of dynamic pile–soil interaction. By employing the radiation stress theory, three distinct regions at the pile–soil interface are identified, each characterized by unique contact conditions. The effects of the friction angle of the pile–soil interface on soil resistance under lateral dynamic loads are subsequently investigated. It is suggested that the possible range of soil resistance, from fully rough to fully smooth in front of the pile, is significantly underestimated in the absence of separation. Results from the present solution also indicate a critical threshold friction angle of approximately 30°–35°, which serves as the delimitation between "rough" and "smooth" interfaces across both quasi-static and dynamic regimes. The delimitation shifts upward at high frequencies, and the trend is more pronounced for surrounding soil with a large Poisson's ratio. These findings underscore the coupling of separation and sliding phenomena at the pile–soil interface and provide valuable insights for understanding its roughness, facilitating more accurate assessments of their behaviors under lateral dynamic loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Geotechnica%22">Acta Geotechnica</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 20 Issue 7, p3163-3175. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfacial+roughness%22">Interfacial roughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfacial+friction%22">Interfacial friction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shear+strength%22">Shear strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lateral+loads%22">Lateral loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shear+strength+of+soils%22">Shear strength of soils</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poisson's+ratio%22">Poisson's ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfaces+%28Physical+sciences%29%22">Interfaces (Physical sciences)</searchLink>
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  Data: This paper revisits an age-old conundrum, that of "roughness," with a fresh perspective gained from a novel analytical solution of dynamic pile–soil interaction. By employing the radiation stress theory, three distinct regions at the pile–soil interface are identified, each characterized by unique contact conditions. The effects of the friction angle of the pile–soil interface on soil resistance under lateral dynamic loads are subsequently investigated. It is suggested that the possible range of soil resistance, from fully rough to fully smooth in front of the pile, is significantly underestimated in the absence of separation. Results from the present solution also indicate a critical threshold friction angle of approximately 30°–35°, which serves as the delimitation between "rough" and "smooth" interfaces across both quasi-static and dynamic regimes. The delimitation shifts upward at high frequencies, and the trend is more pronounced for surrounding soil with a large Poisson's ratio. These findings underscore the coupling of separation and sliding phenomena at the pile–soil interface and provide valuable insights for understanding its roughness, facilitating more accurate assessments of their behaviors under lateral dynamic loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11440-025-02594-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 3163
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      – SubjectFull: Interfacial roughness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interfacial friction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shear strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lateral loads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shear strength of soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poisson's ratio
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      – SubjectFull: Interfaces (Physical sciences)
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      – TitleFull: What friction angle would characterize a pile–soil interface as "rough" or "smooth"?
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            NameFull: Ding, Zhaowei
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            NameFull: Wu, Wang
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            NameFull: Song, Chunyu
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
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              Y: 2025
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