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Advanced treatment of tannery effluent from Fez City (Morocco) using a sequence of aerobic and sono-photo-Fenton processes.

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Title: Advanced treatment of tannery effluent from Fez City (Morocco) using a sequence of aerobic and sono-photo-Fenton processes.
Authors: Bahammou, Oumaima1 (AUTHOR), El Mrabet, Imane1,2 (AUTHOR) i.elmrabet@uiz.ac.ma, Chaouki, Zineb1,3 (AUTHOR), Nawdali, Mostafa1 (AUTHOR), Tanji, Karim4 (AUTHOR), Bouaziz, Jamel5 (AUTHOR), Khalil, Fouad1 (AUTHOR), Benzina, Mourad6 (AUTHOR), Ferronato, Corinne7 (AUTHOR), C. Meunier, Frederic7 (AUTHOR), Zaitan, Hicham1 (AUTHOR) hicham.zaitan@usmba.ac.ma
Source: International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2025, Vol. 27 Issue 10, p1404-1417. 14p.
Subjects: Tanning (Hides & skins), Photooxidation, Phytotoxicity, Sustainability, Organic compounds removal (Sewage purification), Sewage purification, Aerated package treatment systems
Geographic Terms: Fes (Morocco), Morocco
Abstract: This work aims to purify real tannery wastewater (TWW) after a physicochemical characterization. A pretreatment using air stripping (aerobic pretreatment; AP) was first applied and compared to anaerobic pretreatment (ANP). The COD and BOD5 were highly removed by AP, reaching 86% and 88% compared to ANP, which only achieved 48% and 55%, respectively. Following the AP, the sono-photo-Fenton (SPF) process was applied as post-treatment. The optimal conditions pH = 3, [H2O2] = 1834 mg/L, and [Fe2+] = 1281 mg/L improved the COD, color and BOD5 removal of 96%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Turbidity, N-NO3-, and N-NO2- were completely removed (100%) by the combined processes (AP+SPF), while Cr, Cl-, and N-NH4+ were reduced to 99%, 97%, and 99%, respectively. Finally, phytotoxicity tests were performed to confirm the efficiency of the sequential processes. The highest germination percentage, germination rate index, and seedling vigor index for the grains wheat and Medicago sativa were observed using the TWW treated by the AP+SPF, followed by those treated by AP alone. In contrast, no germination indicators were noticed in raw TWW. These findings highlight the significant purification effectiveness of the sequential processes of AP and SPF post-treatment, which suggests the potential use of this combination for the efficient treatment of real liquid effluents. STATEMENT OF NOVELTY: For the first time, this study offers a highly effective two-step treatment method for purifying real tannery wastewater from Fez, Morocco. It combines the sono-photo-Fenton (SPF) process with aerobic air-stripping pretreatment (AP). The innovative combination of AP and SPF showed impressive pollutant removal efficiencies (up to 98%) and significantly decreased phytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Phytoremediation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Advanced treatment of tannery effluent from Fez City (Morocco) using a sequence of aerobic and sono-photo-Fenton processes.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bahammou%2C+Oumaima%22">Bahammou, Oumaima</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22El+Mrabet%2C+Imane%22">El Mrabet, Imane</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> i.elmrabet@uiz.ac.ma</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chaouki%2C+Zineb%22">Chaouki, Zineb</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nawdali%2C+Mostafa%22">Nawdali, Mostafa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tanji%2C+Karim%22">Tanji, Karim</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bouaziz%2C+Jamel%22">Bouaziz, Jamel</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khalil%2C+Fouad%22">Khalil, Fouad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benzina%2C+Mourad%22">Benzina, Mourad</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferronato%2C+Corinne%22">Ferronato, Corinne</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22C%2E+Meunier%2C+Frederic%22">C. Meunier, Frederic</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zaitan%2C+Hicham%22">Zaitan, Hicham</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hicham.zaitan@usmba.ac.ma</i>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Phytoremediation%22">International Journal of Phytoremediation</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 27 Issue 10, p1404-1417. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tanning+%28Hides+%26+skins%29%22">Tanning (Hides & skins)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photooxidation%22">Photooxidation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phytotoxicity%22">Phytotoxicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+compounds+removal+%28Sewage+purification%29%22">Organic compounds removal (Sewage purification)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sewage+purification%22">Sewage purification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerated+package+treatment+systems%22">Aerated package treatment systems</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fes+%28Morocco%29%22">Fes (Morocco)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Morocco%22">Morocco</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This work aims to purify real tannery wastewater (TWW) after a physicochemical characterization. A pretreatment using air stripping (aerobic pretreatment; AP) was first applied and compared to anaerobic pretreatment (ANP). The COD and BOD5 were highly removed by AP, reaching 86% and 88% compared to ANP, which only achieved 48% and 55%, respectively. Following the AP, the sono-photo-Fenton (SPF) process was applied as post-treatment. The optimal conditions pH = 3, [H2O2] = 1834 mg/L, and [Fe2+] = 1281 mg/L improved the COD, color and BOD5 removal of 96%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Turbidity, N-NO3-, and N-NO2- were completely removed (100%) by the combined processes (AP+SPF), while Cr, Cl-, and N-NH4+ were reduced to 99%, 97%, and 99%, respectively. Finally, phytotoxicity tests were performed to confirm the efficiency of the sequential processes. The highest germination percentage, germination rate index, and seedling vigor index for the grains wheat and Medicago sativa were observed using the TWW treated by the AP+SPF, followed by those treated by AP alone. In contrast, no germination indicators were noticed in raw TWW. These findings highlight the significant purification effectiveness of the sequential processes of AP and SPF post-treatment, which suggests the potential use of this combination for the efficient treatment of real liquid effluents. STATEMENT OF NOVELTY: For the first time, this study offers a highly effective two-step treatment method for purifying real tannery wastewater from Fez, Morocco. It combines the sono-photo-Fenton (SPF) process with aerobic air-stripping pretreatment (AP). The innovative combination of AP and SPF showed impressive pollutant removal efficiencies (up to 98%) and significantly decreased phytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Phytoremediation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/15226514.2025.2499721
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1404
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Tanning (Hides & skins)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photooxidation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phytotoxicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sustainability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Organic compounds removal (Sewage purification)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sewage purification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aerated package treatment systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fes (Morocco)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Morocco
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Advanced treatment of tannery effluent from Fez City (Morocco) using a sequence of aerobic and sono-photo-Fenton processes.
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            – D: 15
              M: 09
              Text: 2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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