Modification of Canola Oil Properties Using Ethyl Oleate and n -Hexane.
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| Title: | Modification of Canola Oil Properties Using Ethyl Oleate and n -Hexane. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Szymczyk, Katarzyna1 (AUTHOR) katarzyna.szymczyk@mail.umcs.pl, Zdziennicka, Anna1 (AUTHOR), Jańczuk, Bronisław1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Energies (19961073). Jul2025, Vol. 18 Issue 14, p3802. 16p. |
| Subjects: | Canola oil, Hexane, Ethyl esters, Chemical properties, Surface tension, Density, Viscosity, Biomass energy |
| Abstract: | Canola oil (rapeseed oil, RO), despite being a potential source of biofuel, needs some modifications of its properties to be effectively used as a fuel. The reason RO needs to be altered lies above all in its viscosity, fatty acid composition, and other chemical properties, which affect its efficiency as a fuel. These properties of RO can be changed by mixing it with various bioadditives, among other methods. For this reason, studies of the physicochemical properties of mixtures including RO, n-hexane (Hex), and ethyl oleate (EO) were carried out. These mixtures were prepared at a constant EO concentration and a ratio of n-hexane in the mixture with RO in the range from 0 to 1. For these mixtures, the surface tension, density and viscosity were measured. The obtained results were considered to determine the chemical properties of particular components of the mixtures. From these considerations, it results that based on the properties of these components, the surface tension and density of the studied mixtures can be described, and their viscosity can be predicted. These facts and results of the measurements suggest that based on the properties of the mixture components, we can determine the composition of a mixture whose surface tension, density, and viscosity are close to those of diesel fuel. The results obtained from the measurements also suggest that the addition of 10% n-hexane to RO causes a considerable reduction in the surface tension, viscosity, and density of RO. The addition of 10% of EO to this mixture results in a further reduction in RO + Hex viscosity and increases its density and surface tension slightly. As such, a mixture of RO with Hex and EO may be appropriate as a biofuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 186930550 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Modification of Canola Oil Properties Using Ethyl Oleate and n -Hexane. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szymczyk%2C+Katarzyna%22">Szymczyk, Katarzyna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> katarzyna.szymczyk@mail.umcs.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zdziennicka%2C+Anna%22">Zdziennicka, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jańczuk%2C+Bronisław%22">Jańczuk, Bronisław</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 18 Issue 14, p3802. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Canola+oil%22">Canola oil</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hexane%22">Hexane</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethyl+esters%22">Ethyl esters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+properties%22">Chemical properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+tension%22">Surface tension</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Density%22">Density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viscosity%22">Viscosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+energy%22">Biomass energy</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Canola oil (rapeseed oil, RO), despite being a potential source of biofuel, needs some modifications of its properties to be effectively used as a fuel. The reason RO needs to be altered lies above all in its viscosity, fatty acid composition, and other chemical properties, which affect its efficiency as a fuel. These properties of RO can be changed by mixing it with various bioadditives, among other methods. For this reason, studies of the physicochemical properties of mixtures including RO, n-hexane (Hex), and ethyl oleate (EO) were carried out. These mixtures were prepared at a constant EO concentration and a ratio of n-hexane in the mixture with RO in the range from 0 to 1. For these mixtures, the surface tension, density and viscosity were measured. The obtained results were considered to determine the chemical properties of particular components of the mixtures. From these considerations, it results that based on the properties of these components, the surface tension and density of the studied mixtures can be described, and their viscosity can be predicted. These facts and results of the measurements suggest that based on the properties of the mixture components, we can determine the composition of a mixture whose surface tension, density, and viscosity are close to those of diesel fuel. The results obtained from the measurements also suggest that the addition of 10% n-hexane to RO causes a considerable reduction in the surface tension, viscosity, and density of RO. The addition of 10% of EO to this mixture results in a further reduction in RO + Hex viscosity and increases its density and surface tension slightly. As such, a mixture of RO with Hex and EO may be appropriate as a biofuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/en18143802 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 3802 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Canola oil Type: general – SubjectFull: Hexane Type: general – SubjectFull: Ethyl esters Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical properties Type: general – SubjectFull: Surface tension Type: general – SubjectFull: Density Type: general – SubjectFull: Viscosity Type: general – SubjectFull: Biomass energy Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Modification of Canola Oil Properties Using Ethyl Oleate and n -Hexane. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Szymczyk, Katarzyna – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zdziennicka, Anna – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jańczuk, Bronisław IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 07 Text: Jul2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961073 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 14 Titles: – TitleFull: Energies (19961073) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
