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The role of neighbours in aggressive defence of territories in mixed-species breeding aggregations of cichlid fish.

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Title: The role of neighbours in aggressive defence of territories in mixed-species breeding aggregations of cichlid fish.
Authors: Lehtonen, Topi K.1 (AUTHOR) topi.lehtonen@luke.fi, Helanterä, Heikki2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Hydrobiologia. Sep2025, Vol. 852 Issue 15, p3873-3883. 11p.
Subjects: Animal aggression, Cichlids, Species diversity, Coexistence of species, Neighborhoods, Ecosystem dynamics
Abstract: While territorial aggression is a prerequisite for reproduction in many animals, individuals need to balance its benefits against the costs. Territorial neighbours can influence these costs and benefits, yet their role is often poorly understood, especially in neighbourhoods with heterospecifics. To address this topic, we assessed both the overall (i.e. neighbourhood-level) and species-level aggression towards an intruder in naturally formed mixed-species neighbourhoods of Nicaraguan cichlid fish. We found that while the territories were tightly packed and territory holders were likely to benefit from neighbours that are aggressive towards intruders, the burden of intruder repellence fell mainly to the territory owners closest to the intruder. Moreover, the overall aggression did not markedly increase with the number of territories, further indicating that the investment by most territory holders decreased with territory density. While some species appeared better neighbours than others in terms of their contribution to the neighbourhood-level defensive aggression, the patterns of species co-occurrence did not reveal significant species pair-specific associations. Overall, these results are consistent with the selfish herd theory and suggest that territory defence against intruders can impact the composition of the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Hydrobiologia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The role of neighbours in aggressive defence of territories in mixed-species breeding aggregations of cichlid fish.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Hydrobiologia%22">Hydrobiologia</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 852 Issue 15, p3873-3883. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+aggression%22">Animal aggression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cichlids%22">Cichlids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Species+diversity%22">Species diversity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coexistence+of+species%22">Coexistence of species</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neighborhoods%22">Neighborhoods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecosystem+dynamics%22">Ecosystem dynamics</searchLink>
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  Data: While territorial aggression is a prerequisite for reproduction in many animals, individuals need to balance its benefits against the costs. Territorial neighbours can influence these costs and benefits, yet their role is often poorly understood, especially in neighbourhoods with heterospecifics. To address this topic, we assessed both the overall (i.e. neighbourhood-level) and species-level aggression towards an intruder in naturally formed mixed-species neighbourhoods of Nicaraguan cichlid fish. We found that while the territories were tightly packed and territory holders were likely to benefit from neighbours that are aggressive towards intruders, the burden of intruder repellence fell mainly to the territory owners closest to the intruder. Moreover, the overall aggression did not markedly increase with the number of territories, further indicating that the investment by most territory holders decreased with territory density. While some species appeared better neighbours than others in terms of their contribution to the neighbourhood-level defensive aggression, the patterns of species co-occurrence did not reveal significant species pair-specific associations. Overall, these results are consistent with the selfish herd theory and suggest that territory defence against intruders can impact the composition of the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Hydrobiologia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10750-024-05749-2
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cichlids
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      – SubjectFull: Species diversity
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              Text: Sep2025
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