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Synchrotron-Based Structural Analysis of Nanosized Gd 2 (Ti 1−x Zr x) 2 O 7 for Radioactive Waste Management.

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Title: Synchrotron-Based Structural Analysis of Nanosized Gd 2 (Ti 1−x Zr x) 2 O 7 for Radioactive Waste Management.
Authors: Pinna, Marco1 (AUTHOR), Trapletti, Andrea1,2 (AUTHOR), Minelli, Claudio1 (AUTHOR), di Biase, Armando1,2 (AUTHOR), Bianconi, Federico1 (AUTHOR), Clemente, Michele1 (AUTHOR), Minguzzi, Alessandro1,2 (AUTHOR), Castellano, Carlo1 (AUTHOR), Scavini, Marco1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jul2025, Vol. 15 Issue 14, p1134. 20p.
Subjects: Radioactive waste management, Structural analysis (Science), Synchrotrons, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Zirconium, X-ray diffraction, Oxide ceramics
Abstract: Complex oxides with the general formula Gd2(Ti1−xZrx)2O7 are promising candidates for radioactive waste immobilization due to their capacity to withstand radiation by dissipating part of the free energy driving defect creation and phase transitions. In this study, samples with varying zirconium content (xZr = 0.00, 0.15, 0.25, 0.375, 0.56, 0.75, 0.85, 1.00) were synthesized via the sol–gel method and thermally treated at 500 °C to obtain nanosized powders mimicking the defective structure of irradiated materials. Synchrotron-based techniques were employed to investigate their structural properties: High-Resolution X-ray Powder Diffraction (HR-XRPD) was used to assess long-range structure, while Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy provided insights into the local structure. HR-XRPD data revealed that samples with low Zr content (xZr ≤ 0.25) are amorphous. Increasing Zr concentration led to the emergence of a crystalline phase identified as defective fluorite (xZr = 0.375, 0.56). Samples with the highest Zr content (xZr ≥ 0.75) were fully crystalline and exhibited only the fluorite phase. The experimental G(r) functions of the fully crystalline samples in the low r range are suitably fitted by the Weberite structure, mapping the relaxations induced by structural disorder in defective fluorite. These structural insights informed the subsequent EXAFS analysis at the Zr-K and Gd-L3 edges, confirming the splitting of the cation–cation distances associated with different metal species. Moreover, EXAFS provided a local structural description of the amorphous phases, identifying a consistent Gd-O distance across all compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Synchrotron-Based Structural Analysis of Nanosized Gd 2 (Ti 1−x Zr x) 2 O 7 for Radioactive Waste Management.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pinna%2C+Marco%22">Pinna, Marco</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trapletti%2C+Andrea%22">Trapletti, Andrea</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minelli%2C+Claudio%22">Minelli, Claudio</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22di+Biase%2C+Armando%22">di Biase, Armando</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bianconi%2C+Federico%22">Bianconi, Federico</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clemente%2C+Michele%22">Clemente, Michele</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minguzzi%2C+Alessandro%22">Minguzzi, Alessandro</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castellano%2C+Carlo%22">Castellano, Carlo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scavini%2C+Marco%22">Scavini, Marco</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 15 Issue 14, p1134. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radioactive+waste+management%22">Radioactive waste management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+analysis+%28Science%29%22">Structural analysis (Science)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synchrotrons%22">Synchrotrons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extended+X-ray+absorption+fine+structure%22">Extended X-ray absorption fine structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zirconium%22">Zirconium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+diffraction%22">X-ray diffraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxide+ceramics%22">Oxide ceramics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Complex oxides with the general formula Gd2(Ti1−xZrx)2O7 are promising candidates for radioactive waste immobilization due to their capacity to withstand radiation by dissipating part of the free energy driving defect creation and phase transitions. In this study, samples with varying zirconium content (xZr = 0.00, 0.15, 0.25, 0.375, 0.56, 0.75, 0.85, 1.00) were synthesized via the sol–gel method and thermally treated at 500 °C to obtain nanosized powders mimicking the defective structure of irradiated materials. Synchrotron-based techniques were employed to investigate their structural properties: High-Resolution X-ray Powder Diffraction (HR-XRPD) was used to assess long-range structure, while Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy provided insights into the local structure. HR-XRPD data revealed that samples with low Zr content (xZr ≤ 0.25) are amorphous. Increasing Zr concentration led to the emergence of a crystalline phase identified as defective fluorite (xZr = 0.375, 0.56). Samples with the highest Zr content (xZr ≥ 0.75) were fully crystalline and exhibited only the fluorite phase. The experimental G(r) functions of the fully crystalline samples in the low r range are suitably fitted by the Weberite structure, mapping the relaxations induced by structural disorder in defective fluorite. These structural insights informed the subsequent EXAFS analysis at the Zr-K and Gd-L3 edges, confirming the splitting of the cation–cation distances associated with different metal species. Moreover, EXAFS provided a local structural description of the amorphous phases, identifying a consistent Gd-O distance across all compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano15141134
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 1134
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Radioactive waste management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural analysis (Science)
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      – SubjectFull: Synchrotrons
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      – SubjectFull: Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
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      – SubjectFull: Zirconium
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      – SubjectFull: X-ray diffraction
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      – SubjectFull: Oxide ceramics
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Synchrotron-Based Structural Analysis of Nanosized Gd 2 (Ti 1−x Zr x) 2 O 7 for Radioactive Waste Management.
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              Text: Jul2025
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