Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances.

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Title: Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances.
Authors: Singh, Shivam1 (AUTHOR), Stiwinter, Kenneth Christopher2 (AUTHOR), Singh, Jitendra Pratap1 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Yiping2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jul2025, Vol. 15 Issue 14, p1136. 81p.
Subjects: Glancing angle deposition, Gas detectors, Artificial intelligence, Nanofabrication, Detection algorithms, Nanostructures, Sensitivity analysis, Heterojunctions
Abstract: Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) has emerged as a versatile and powerful nanofabrication technique for developing next-generation gas sensors by enabling precise control over nanostructure geometry, porosity, and material composition. Through dynamic substrate tilting and rotation, GLAD facilitates the fabrication of highly porous, anisotropic nanostructures, such as aligned, tilted, zigzag, helical, and multilayered nanorods, with tunable surface area and diffusion pathways optimized for gas detection. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in GLAD-based gas sensor design, focusing on how structural engineering and material integration converge to enhance sensor performance. Key materials strategies include the construction of heterojunctions and core–shell architectures, controlled doping, and nanoparticle decoration using noble metals or metal oxides to amplify charge transfer, catalytic activity, and redox responsiveness. GLAD-fabricated nanostructures have been effectively deployed across multiple gas sensing modalities, including resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and optical platforms, where their high aspect ratios, tailored porosity, and defect-rich surfaces facilitate enhanced gas adsorption kinetics and efficient signal transduction. These devices exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity toward a range of analytes, including NO2, CO, H2S, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with detection limits often reaching the parts-per-billion level. Emerging innovations, such as photo-assisted sensing and integration with artificial intelligence for data analysis and pattern recognition, further extend the capabilities of GLAD-based systems for multifunctional, real-time, and adaptive sensing. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the promise of GLAD as a scalable platform for next-generation gas sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glancing+angle+deposition%22">Glancing angle deposition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gas+detectors%22">Gas detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+intelligence%22">Artificial intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofabrication%22">Nanofabrication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detection+algorithms%22">Detection algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructures%22">Nanostructures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+analysis%22">Sensitivity analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heterojunctions%22">Heterojunctions</searchLink>
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  Data: Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) has emerged as a versatile and powerful nanofabrication technique for developing next-generation gas sensors by enabling precise control over nanostructure geometry, porosity, and material composition. Through dynamic substrate tilting and rotation, GLAD facilitates the fabrication of highly porous, anisotropic nanostructures, such as aligned, tilted, zigzag, helical, and multilayered nanorods, with tunable surface area and diffusion pathways optimized for gas detection. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in GLAD-based gas sensor design, focusing on how structural engineering and material integration converge to enhance sensor performance. Key materials strategies include the construction of heterojunctions and core–shell architectures, controlled doping, and nanoparticle decoration using noble metals or metal oxides to amplify charge transfer, catalytic activity, and redox responsiveness. GLAD-fabricated nanostructures have been effectively deployed across multiple gas sensing modalities, including resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and optical platforms, where their high aspect ratios, tailored porosity, and defect-rich surfaces facilitate enhanced gas adsorption kinetics and efficient signal transduction. These devices exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity toward a range of analytes, including NO2, CO, H2S, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with detection limits often reaching the parts-per-billion level. Emerging innovations, such as photo-assisted sensing and integration with artificial intelligence for data analysis and pattern recognition, further extend the capabilities of GLAD-based systems for multifunctional, real-time, and adaptive sensing. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the promise of GLAD as a scalable platform for next-generation gas sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano15141136
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 81
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      – SubjectFull: Glancing angle deposition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gas detectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofabrication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Detection algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanostructures
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      – SubjectFull: Sensitivity analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heterojunctions
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances.
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            NameFull: Singh, Shivam
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            NameFull: Stiwinter, Kenneth Christopher
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            NameFull: Singh, Jitendra Pratap
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            NameFull: Zhao, Yiping
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              Text: Jul2025
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              Y: 2025
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