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InSAR measurement of vertical land motion in New Zealand cities, and implications for sea-level rise projections.

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Title: InSAR measurement of vertical land motion in New Zealand cities, and implications for sea-level rise projections.
Authors: Kearse, Jesse1,2 (AUTHOR) jesse@kearse.co.nz, Stern, Tim1 (AUTHOR) tim.stern@vuw.ac.nz, Hamling, Ian3 (AUTHOR), Lamb, Simon1 (AUTHOR), Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún3 (AUTHOR)
Source: New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics. Dec2025, Vol. 68 Issue 4, p794-815. 22p.
Subjects: Land subsidence, Reclamation of land, Absolute sea level change, Radar interferometry, New Zealanders, Waterfronts, Water management
Geographic Terms: New Zealand
Abstract: Densely populated urban coastal strips are most at risk from the effects of relative sea-level rise. At the same time, anthropogenic activities associated with urbanisation, such as groundwater withdrawal, land reclamation and cut and fill operations can lead to local land subsidence (LLS), further exacerbating the risk to urban infrastructure. We generate the first high-resolution urban maps (10 m) of LLS using Sentinel-1 InSAR data between 2018 and 2021. This analysis reveals $77\percnt$ 77 % of urban coastlines are subsiding at rates of ${-}0.5$ − 0.5 mm/yr or greater, and $10\percnt$ 10 % are subsiding faster than $-3.0$ − 3.0 mm/yr. This analysis documents highly-localised hotspots of LLS, with subsidence rates exceeding $-10.0$ − 10.0 mm/yr in some cases. Highest subsidence rates occur on land that was reclaimed during the twentieth century, areas occupying Holocene sediment, or locations that were recently cut and filled. Time-series analysis of LLS at sites of reclaimed land shows both linear and non-linear rates of deformation over time periods of up to 6–8 years. This study reveals the spatial variability of exposure to sea-level rise hazard within New Zealand cities, and demonstrates that in many cases current rates of VLM should be expected to continue for the next few decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 186989350
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: InSAR measurement of vertical land motion in New Zealand cities, and implications for sea-level rise projections.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kearse%2C+Jesse%22">Kearse, Jesse</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jesse@kearse.co.nz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stern%2C+Tim%22">Stern, Tim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tim.stern@vuw.ac.nz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hamling%2C+Ian%22">Hamling, Ian</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lamb%2C+Simon%22">Lamb, Simon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hreinsdóttir%2C+Sigrún%22">Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22New+Zealand+Journal+of+Geology+%26+Geophysics%22">New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 68 Issue 4, p794-815. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Land+subsidence%22">Land subsidence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reclamation+of+land%22">Reclamation of land</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Absolute+sea+level+change%22">Absolute sea level change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radar+interferometry%22">Radar interferometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22New+Zealanders%22">New Zealanders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waterfronts%22">Waterfronts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+management%22">Water management</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22New+Zealand%22">New Zealand</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Densely populated urban coastal strips are most at risk from the effects of relative sea-level rise. At the same time, anthropogenic activities associated with urbanisation, such as groundwater withdrawal, land reclamation and cut and fill operations can lead to local land subsidence (LLS), further exacerbating the risk to urban infrastructure. We generate the first high-resolution urban maps (10 m) of LLS using Sentinel-1 InSAR data between 2018 and 2021. This analysis reveals $77\percnt$ 77 % of urban coastlines are subsiding at rates of ${-}0.5$ − 0.5 mm/yr or greater, and $10\percnt$ 10 % are subsiding faster than $-3.0$ − 3.0 mm/yr. This analysis documents highly-localised hotspots of LLS, with subsidence rates exceeding $-10.0$ − 10.0 mm/yr in some cases. Highest subsidence rates occur on land that was reclaimed during the twentieth century, areas occupying Holocene sediment, or locations that were recently cut and filled. Time-series analysis of LLS at sites of reclaimed land shows both linear and non-linear rates of deformation over time periods of up to 6–8 years. This study reveals the spatial variability of exposure to sea-level rise hazard within New Zealand cities, and demonstrates that in many cases current rates of VLM should be expected to continue for the next few decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00288306.2025.2470435
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 794
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Land subsidence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reclamation of land
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Absolute sea level change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radar interferometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Zealanders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Waterfronts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Zealand
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: InSAR measurement of vertical land motion in New Zealand cities, and implications for sea-level rise projections.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kearse, Jesse
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Stern, Tim
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Hamling, Ian
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            NameFull: Lamb, Simon
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            NameFull: Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00288306
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              Value: 68
            – Type: issue
              Value: 4
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics
              Type: main
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