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High-capacity reversible data hiding scheme based on block mapping for binary image.

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Title: High-capacity reversible data hiding scheme based on block mapping for binary image.
Authors: Huynh, Van-Thanh1 (AUTHOR) hvthanh@tvu.edu.vn, Nguyen, Thai-Son2 (AUTHOR) thaison@tvu.edu.vn
Source: Multimedia Tools & Applications. Aug2025, Vol. 84 Issue 28, p34101-34119. 19p.
Subjects: Reversible data hiding (Computer science), Image processing, Data integrity, Hamming distance
Abstract: Reversible data hiding is a technique that allows secret data to be securely embedded into cover data while ensuring that the cover data can be perfectly restored once the secret data is extracted. In this paper, a high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme based on block mapping is proposed for binary images. In the proposed scheme, the original binary image is first divided into non-overlapping blocks with the size of 3 × 3 pixels. Next, non-uniform blocks are used to generate the histogram. Then, the block with the highest frequency is mapped to blocks with zero frequency for embedding data. For each block with the highest frequency of the image, secret bits are embedded by slightly modifying a few pixels in the block. Moreover, to minimize embedding distortion, the Hamming distance technique is employed to select suitable blocks with a minimal Hamming distance value. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme achieved a high embedding capacity with minimal distortion. On average, the proposed scheme's embedding capacity was 2,070 bits which is the highest one among four schemes. In compared to the previous schemes, the embedding capacity of the proposed scheme increases by 5.6 times that of the scheme [25], approximately 1.8 times that of the scheme [30], and 1.3 times that of the scheme [31], respectively. In addition, when compared with existing schemes, the proposed scheme improved the embedding capacity significantly at the same level of distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Multimedia Tools & Applications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Multimedia+Tools+%26+Applications%22">Multimedia Tools & Applications</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 84 Issue 28, p34101-34119. 19p.
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  Data: Reversible data hiding is a technique that allows secret data to be securely embedded into cover data while ensuring that the cover data can be perfectly restored once the secret data is extracted. In this paper, a high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme based on block mapping is proposed for binary images. In the proposed scheme, the original binary image is first divided into non-overlapping blocks with the size of 3 × 3 pixels. Next, non-uniform blocks are used to generate the histogram. Then, the block with the highest frequency is mapped to blocks with zero frequency for embedding data. For each block with the highest frequency of the image, secret bits are embedded by slightly modifying a few pixels in the block. Moreover, to minimize embedding distortion, the Hamming distance technique is employed to select suitable blocks with a minimal Hamming distance value. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme achieved a high embedding capacity with minimal distortion. On average, the proposed scheme's embedding capacity was 2,070 bits which is the highest one among four schemes. In compared to the previous schemes, the embedding capacity of the proposed scheme increases by 5.6 times that of the scheme [25], approximately 1.8 times that of the scheme [30], and 1.3 times that of the scheme [31], respectively. In addition, when compared with existing schemes, the proposed scheme improved the embedding capacity significantly at the same level of distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Multimedia Tools & Applications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11042-024-20553-9
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Image processing
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              Text: Aug2025
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