Scalable and sustainable synthesis of functionalized terpene acrylates in continuous flow: application of a multiphase, ultrasound-assisted mini-flow reactor.
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| Title: | Scalable and sustainable synthesis of functionalized terpene acrylates in continuous flow: application of a multiphase, ultrasound-assisted mini-flow reactor. |
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| Authors: | Obermeier, Franziska1 (AUTHOR), Gostner, Martin1 (AUTHOR), Strube, Oliver I.1 (AUTHOR) oliver.strube@uibk.ac.at |
| Source: | Journal of Coatings Technology & Research. Jul2025, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p1251-1261. 11p. |
| Subjects: | Epoxidation, Acrylates, Microreactors, Monomers, Esterification, Biosynthesis, Sonication, Chemical processes |
| Abstract: | This study presents a sustainable method for producing bio-based acrylic monomers from limonene, a renewable terpene sourced from citrus peel waste. Limonene was prefunctionalized with epoxy groups first, using ultrasound-assisted epoxidation with Oxone®, an eco-friendly oxidant. A continuous mini-flow reactor was employed to epoxidize limonene to limonene oxide (LO) and limonene dioxide (LDO) with high efficiency and selectivity under mild conditions. Ultrasonic treatment improved reaction speed and reduced waste compared to traditional m-CPBA-based epoxidation methods. Full epoxidation was achieved within 20 min with 98% conversion, compared to 110 min in a batch setup. Subsequent esterification with acrylic acid produced acrylate-functionalized monomers, with 97% conversion of limonene acrylate (LA) and diacrylate (LDA) in just 2 h, significantly faster than the 20-h batch process. Finally, the exocyclic double bond of limonene acrylate was successfully epoxidized using Oxone, to yield bifunctional monomers, with quantitative conversion achieved in 11 min. This cost-effective, fast process is an important step in scaling limonene-based acrylates to employ them as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based monomers in industrial environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Coatings Technology & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 187261761 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Scalable and sustainable synthesis of functionalized terpene acrylates in continuous flow: application of a multiphase, ultrasound-assisted mini-flow reactor. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Obermeier%2C+Franziska%22">Obermeier, Franziska</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gostner%2C+Martin%22">Gostner, Martin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strube%2C+Oliver+I%2E%22">Strube, Oliver I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> oliver.strube@uibk.ac.at</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Coatings+Technology+%26+Research%22">Journal of Coatings Technology & Research</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p1251-1261. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epoxidation%22">Epoxidation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acrylates%22">Acrylates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microreactors%22">Microreactors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Monomers%22">Monomers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Esterification%22">Esterification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biosynthesis%22">Biosynthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sonication%22">Sonication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+processes%22">Chemical processes</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study presents a sustainable method for producing bio-based acrylic monomers from limonene, a renewable terpene sourced from citrus peel waste. Limonene was prefunctionalized with epoxy groups first, using ultrasound-assisted epoxidation with Oxone®, an eco-friendly oxidant. A continuous mini-flow reactor was employed to epoxidize limonene to limonene oxide (LO) and limonene dioxide (LDO) with high efficiency and selectivity under mild conditions. Ultrasonic treatment improved reaction speed and reduced waste compared to traditional m-CPBA-based epoxidation methods. Full epoxidation was achieved within 20 min with 98% conversion, compared to 110 min in a batch setup. Subsequent esterification with acrylic acid produced acrylate-functionalized monomers, with 97% conversion of limonene acrylate (LA) and diacrylate (LDA) in just 2 h, significantly faster than the 20-h batch process. Finally, the exocyclic double bond of limonene acrylate was successfully epoxidized using Oxone, to yield bifunctional monomers, with quantitative conversion achieved in 11 min. This cost-effective, fast process is an important step in scaling limonene-based acrylates to employ them as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based monomers in industrial environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Coatings Technology & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11998-025-01106-7 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 1251 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Epoxidation Type: general – SubjectFull: Acrylates Type: general – SubjectFull: Microreactors Type: general – SubjectFull: Monomers Type: general – SubjectFull: Esterification Type: general – SubjectFull: Biosynthesis Type: general – SubjectFull: Sonication Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical processes Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Scalable and sustainable synthesis of functionalized terpene acrylates in continuous flow: application of a multiphase, ultrasound-assisted mini-flow reactor. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Obermeier, Franziska – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gostner, Martin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Strube, Oliver I. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19459645 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 22 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Coatings Technology & Research Type: main |
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