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Cure Kinetics-Driven Compression Molding of CFRP for Fast and Low-Cost Manufacturing.

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Title: Cure Kinetics-Driven Compression Molding of CFRP for Fast and Low-Cost Manufacturing.
Authors: Wu, Xintong1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Ming1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zhongling2,3 (AUTHOR), Fu, Xin2,4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Haonan1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yuchen2,3 (AUTHOR), Yang, Xiaobo3,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Aug2025, Vol. 17 Issue 15, p2154. 18p.
Subjects: Compression molding, Chemical kinetics, Solidification, Fiber-reinforced plastics, Mathematical optimization, Industrial efficiency, Aerospace materials, Energy consumption
Abstract: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used in aerospace due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and tailorable properties. However, these properties critically depend on the CFRP curing cycle. The commonly adopted manufacturer-recommended curing cycle (MRCC), designed to accommodate the most conservative conditions, involves prolonged curing times and high energy consumption. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an efficient and adaptable method to determine the optimal curing cycle. The effects of varying heating rates on resin dynamic and isothermal–exothermic behavior were characterized via reaction kinetics analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements. The activation energy of the reaction system was substituted into the modified Sun–Gang model, and the parameters were estimated using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on the curing kinetic behavior of the resin, CFRP compression molding process orthogonal experiments were conducted. A weighted scoring system incorporating strength, energy consumption, and cycle time enabled multidimensional evaluation of optimized solutions. Applying this curing cycle optimization method to a commercial epoxy resin increased efficiency by 247.22% and reduced energy consumption by 35.7% while meeting general product performance requirements. These results confirm the method's reliability and its significance for improving production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Cure Kinetics-Driven Compression Molding of CFRP for Fast and Low-Cost Manufacturing.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compression+molding%22">Compression molding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+kinetics%22">Chemical kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solidification%22">Solidification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fiber-reinforced+plastics%22">Fiber-reinforced plastics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+efficiency%22">Industrial efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerospace+materials%22">Aerospace materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
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  Data: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used in aerospace due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and tailorable properties. However, these properties critically depend on the CFRP curing cycle. The commonly adopted manufacturer-recommended curing cycle (MRCC), designed to accommodate the most conservative conditions, involves prolonged curing times and high energy consumption. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an efficient and adaptable method to determine the optimal curing cycle. The effects of varying heating rates on resin dynamic and isothermal–exothermic behavior were characterized via reaction kinetics analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements. The activation energy of the reaction system was substituted into the modified Sun–Gang model, and the parameters were estimated using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on the curing kinetic behavior of the resin, CFRP compression molding process orthogonal experiments were conducted. A weighted scoring system incorporating strength, energy consumption, and cycle time enabled multidimensional evaluation of optimized solutions. Applying this curing cycle optimization method to a commercial epoxy resin increased efficiency by 247.22% and reduced energy consumption by 35.7% while meeting general product performance requirements. These results confirm the method's reliability and its significance for improving production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym17152154
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 2154
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solidification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fiber-reinforced plastics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization
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      – SubjectFull: Industrial efficiency
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      – SubjectFull: Aerospace materials
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      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Cure Kinetics-Driven Compression Molding of CFRP for Fast and Low-Cost Manufacturing.
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            NameFull: Wu, Xintong
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            NameFull: Zhang, Ming
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            NameFull: Liu, Zhongling
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            NameFull: Fu, Xin
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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