Nanoparticle Uptake and Crossing by Human In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers: A Scoping Review.

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Title: Nanoparticle Uptake and Crossing by Human In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers: A Scoping Review.
Authors: Ritarossi, Chiara1 (AUTHOR), Prota, Valentina2 (AUTHOR), De Battistis, Francesca1,2 (AUTHOR), Battistelli, Chiara Laura1,2 (AUTHOR), De Angelis, Isabella1 (AUTHOR), Andreoli, Cristina1 (AUTHOR), Vincentini, Olimpia2 (AUTHOR) olimpia.vincentini@iss.it
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Aug2025, Vol. 15 Issue 15, p1195. 32p.
Subjects: Nanoparticles, Intestinal barrier function, Absorption, Biological assay, Nanostructured materials, Transport theory, Oral drug administration
Abstract: The Caco-2 in vitro model of the intestinal barrier is a well-established system for the investigation of the intestinal fate of orally ingested chemicals and drugs, and it has been used for over ten years by pharmaceutical industries as a model for absorption in preclinical studies. The Caco-2 model shows a fair correlation with in vivo drug absorption, though some inherent biases remain unresolved. Its main limitation lies in the lack of structural complexity, as it does not replicate the diverse cell types and mucus layer present in the human intestinal epithelium. Consequently, the development of advanced in vitro models of the intestinal barrier, that more structurally resemble the human intestinal epithelium physiology, has increased the potential applications of these models. Recently, Caco-2-based advanced intestinal models have proven effective in predicting nanomaterial uptake and transport across the intestinal barrier. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art of human in vitro intestinal barrier models for the study of translocation/uptake of nanoparticles relevant for oral exposure, including inorganic nanomaterials, micro/nano plastic, and fiber nanomaterials. The main effects of the above-mentioned nanomaterials on the intestinal barrier are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Nanoparticle Uptake and Crossing by Human In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers: A Scoping Review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 15 Issue 15, p1195. 32p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intestinal+barrier+function%22">Intestinal barrier function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Absorption%22">Absorption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+assay%22">Biological assay</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transport+theory%22">Transport theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oral+drug+administration%22">Oral drug administration</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The Caco-2 in vitro model of the intestinal barrier is a well-established system for the investigation of the intestinal fate of orally ingested chemicals and drugs, and it has been used for over ten years by pharmaceutical industries as a model for absorption in preclinical studies. The Caco-2 model shows a fair correlation with in vivo drug absorption, though some inherent biases remain unresolved. Its main limitation lies in the lack of structural complexity, as it does not replicate the diverse cell types and mucus layer present in the human intestinal epithelium. Consequently, the development of advanced in vitro models of the intestinal barrier, that more structurally resemble the human intestinal epithelium physiology, has increased the potential applications of these models. Recently, Caco-2-based advanced intestinal models have proven effective in predicting nanomaterial uptake and transport across the intestinal barrier. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art of human in vitro intestinal barrier models for the study of translocation/uptake of nanoparticles relevant for oral exposure, including inorganic nanomaterials, micro/nano plastic, and fiber nanomaterials. The main effects of the above-mentioned nanomaterials on the intestinal barrier are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano15151195
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 32
        StartPage: 1195
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intestinal barrier function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Absorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biological assay
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transport theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oral drug administration
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Nanoparticle Uptake and Crossing by Human In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers: A Scoping Review.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ritarossi, Chiara
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            NameFull: Prota, Valentina
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            NameFull: De Battistis, Francesca
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            NameFull: Battistelli, Chiara Laura
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            NameFull: De Angelis, Isabella
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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