Deflection of light due to Kerr Sen black hole in heterotic string theory using material medium approach.
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| Title: | Deflection of light due to Kerr Sen black hole in heterotic string theory using material medium approach. |
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| Authors: | Roy, Saswati1 (AUTHOR) sr.phy2011@yahoo.com, Kala, Shubham2 (AUTHOR) shubhamkala871@gmail.com, Singha, Atanu1 (AUTHOR) atanusingha008@gmail.com, Nandan, Hemwati3,4 (AUTHOR) hnandan@associates.iucaa.in, Sen, Asoke K.5 (AUTHOR) asokesen@yahoo.com |
| Source: | European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields. Jul2025, Vol. 85 Issue 7, p1-16. 16p. |
| Subjects: | Deflection (Light), Kerr black holes, Gravitational fields, String theory, Kerr electro-optical effect, Geodesic motion, Refractive index |
| Abstract: | The deflection of light in the gravitational field of a massive body can be analyzed through diverse theoretical approaches. The null geodesic approach is commonly employed to calculate light deflection within strong and weak field limits. Alternatively, several studies have explored the gravitational deflection of light using the material medium approach. For a static, non-rotating spherical mass, the deflection in a Schwarzschild field can be determined by expressing the metric in an isotropic form and evaluating the refractive index to trace the light ray's trajectory. In this study, we extend the above-mentioned approach to the Kerr–Sen black hole spacetime in heterotic string theory, a solution representing a rotating, charged solution in heterotic string theory. The frame-dragging effects inherent to the Kerr–Sen geometry are incorporated to compute the velocity of light rays, enabling the derivation of the refractive index in this field. Considering the far-field approximation, we calculate the deflection of light in the Kerr–Sen spacetime and compare our results with those obtained for the Kerr and Schwarzschild black hole solution in GR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 187406256 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Deflection of light due to Kerr Sen black hole in heterotic string theory using material medium approach. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roy%2C+Saswati%22">Roy, Saswati</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sr.phy2011@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kala%2C+Shubham%22">Kala, Shubham</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shubhamkala871@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singha%2C+Atanu%22">Singha, Atanu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> atanusingha008@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nandan%2C+Hemwati%22">Nandan, Hemwati</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hnandan@associates.iucaa.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sen%2C+Asoke+K%2E%22">Sen, Asoke K.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> asokesen@yahoo.com</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+C+--+Particles+%26+Fields%22">European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 85 Issue 7, p1-16. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deflection+%28Light%29%22">Deflection (Light)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kerr+black+holes%22">Kerr black holes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gravitational+fields%22">Gravitational fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22String+theory%22">String theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kerr+electro-optical+effect%22">Kerr electro-optical effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geodesic+motion%22">Geodesic motion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refractive+index%22">Refractive index</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The deflection of light in the gravitational field of a massive body can be analyzed through diverse theoretical approaches. The null geodesic approach is commonly employed to calculate light deflection within strong and weak field limits. Alternatively, several studies have explored the gravitational deflection of light using the material medium approach. For a static, non-rotating spherical mass, the deflection in a Schwarzschild field can be determined by expressing the metric in an isotropic form and evaluating the refractive index to trace the light ray's trajectory. In this study, we extend the above-mentioned approach to the Kerr–Sen black hole spacetime in heterotic string theory, a solution representing a rotating, charged solution in heterotic string theory. The frame-dragging effects inherent to the Kerr–Sen geometry are incorporated to compute the velocity of light rays, enabling the derivation of the refractive index in this field. Considering the far-field approximation, we calculate the deflection of light in the Kerr–Sen spacetime and compare our results with those obtained for the Kerr and Schwarzschild black hole solution in GR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14459-5 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Deflection (Light) Type: general – SubjectFull: Kerr black holes Type: general – SubjectFull: Gravitational fields Type: general – SubjectFull: String theory Type: general – SubjectFull: Kerr electro-optical effect Type: general – SubjectFull: Geodesic motion Type: general – SubjectFull: Refractive index Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Deflection of light due to Kerr Sen black hole in heterotic string theory using material medium approach. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Roy, Saswati – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kala, Shubham – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Singha, Atanu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nandan, Hemwati – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sen, Asoke K. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 14346044 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 85 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields Type: main |
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