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Orthogonal Experimental Study on Laterite Modified with Solid Waste Composites: Mechanical Properties and Modification Mechanism.

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Title: Orthogonal Experimental Study on Laterite Modified with Solid Waste Composites: Mechanical Properties and Modification Mechanism.
Authors: Qiao, Wei1,2 (AUTHOR), Yue, Bing1,3 (AUTHOR) yue@email.cugb.edu.cn, Zhu, Shengli1,2 (AUTHOR), Luo, Zhihua1,3 (AUTHOR), Qian, Zengzhen1 (AUTHOR), Xie, Zilu1 (AUTHOR), Lin, Daming2 (AUTHOR)
Source: JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). Sep2025, Vol. 77 Issue 9, p6971-6982. 12p.
Subjects: Fly ash, Laterite, Measurement of shear strength, Solid waste, Steel wastes, Mechanical behavior of materials, Experimental design, Waste products as building materials
Abstract: Steel slag (SS), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) are bulk solid wastes in industrial production. In this paper, the influences of each component dosage in SS-FA-GGBFS composites on the shear strength parameters of the modified laterite were investigated using an orthogonal test. In the orthogonal experimental design, SS, FA, and GGBFS dosages were established as three independent variables. Five discrete dosage gradients (1–9%) were systematically implemented for each solid waste component, generating 25 discrete experimental configurations for direct shear tests. The acquired experimental datasets underwent rigorous range analysis and analysis of variance to quantify parametric influences on the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the composite-modified laterite. These statistical evaluations specifically targeted the determination of dosage-response relationships between solid waste constituents and the shear strength parameters. The results indicate that the dosage of SS has the greatest influence on the cohesion of the SS-FA-GGBFS composite-modified laterite, and that the dosage of GGBFS has the greatest influence on the internal friction angle of the SS-FA-GGBFS composite-modified laterite. The differences in the degree of influence of SS, FA and GGBFS on the cohesion of the modified laterite are due to the differences in the rates of hydration reaction of different types of solid waste. The spherical shape of FA particles leads to a decrease in the internal friction angle of modified laterite, and therefore has a less significant effect on the internal friction angle of modified laterite than that of SS and GGBFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Orthogonal Experimental Study on Laterite Modified with Solid Waste Composites: Mechanical Properties and Modification Mechanism.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qiao%2C+Wei%22">Qiao, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yue%2C+Bing%22">Yue, Bing</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yue@email.cugb.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Shengli%22">Zhu, Shengli</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Zhihua%22">Luo, Zhihua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qian%2C+Zengzhen%22">Qian, Zengzhen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xie%2C+Zilu%22">Xie, Zilu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Daming%22">Lin, Daming</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fly+ash%22">Fly ash</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laterite%22">Laterite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement+of+shear+strength%22">Measurement of shear strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid+waste%22">Solid waste</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel+wastes%22">Steel wastes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+products+as+building+materials%22">Waste products as building materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Steel slag (SS), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) are bulk solid wastes in industrial production. In this paper, the influences of each component dosage in SS-FA-GGBFS composites on the shear strength parameters of the modified laterite were investigated using an orthogonal test. In the orthogonal experimental design, SS, FA, and GGBFS dosages were established as three independent variables. Five discrete dosage gradients (1–9%) were systematically implemented for each solid waste component, generating 25 discrete experimental configurations for direct shear tests. The acquired experimental datasets underwent rigorous range analysis and analysis of variance to quantify parametric influences on the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the composite-modified laterite. These statistical evaluations specifically targeted the determination of dosage-response relationships between solid waste constituents and the shear strength parameters. The results indicate that the dosage of SS has the greatest influence on the cohesion of the SS-FA-GGBFS composite-modified laterite, and that the dosage of GGBFS has the greatest influence on the internal friction angle of the SS-FA-GGBFS composite-modified laterite. The differences in the degree of influence of SS, FA and GGBFS on the cohesion of the modified laterite are due to the differences in the rates of hydration reaction of different types of solid waste. The spherical shape of FA particles leads to a decrease in the internal friction angle of modified laterite, and therefore has a less significant effect on the internal friction angle of modified laterite than that of SS and GGBFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1007/s11837-025-07494-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 6971
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fly ash
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laterite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measurement of shear strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solid waste
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel wastes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Waste products as building materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Orthogonal Experimental Study on Laterite Modified with Solid Waste Composites: Mechanical Properties and Modification Mechanism.
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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