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Performance Analysis of Multivariable Control Structures Applied to a Neutral Point Clamped Converter in PV Systems.

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Title: Performance Analysis of Multivariable Control Structures Applied to a Neutral Point Clamped Converter in PV Systems.
Authors: Ribeiro Junior, Renato Santana1 (AUTHOR) renato.santana.junior@ee.ufcg.edu.br, Machado, Eubis Pereira2 (AUTHOR), Fernandes Júnior, Damásio1,3 (AUTHOR), Barros, Tárcio André dos Santos3,4 (AUTHOR), Costa, Flavio Bezerra1,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Aug2025, Vol. 18 Issue 16, p4394. 27p.
Subjects: Photovoltaic power systems, Multivariable control systems, Automatic control systems, Computer performance, Electric current converters, Electric impedance, Pulse width modulation, Harmonic distortion (Physics)
Abstract: This paper addresses the challenges encountered by grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, including the stochastic behavior of the system, harmonic distortion, and variations in grid impedance. To this end, an in-depth technical and pedagogical analysis of three linear multivariable current control strategies is performed: proportional-integral (PI), proportional-resonant (PR), and deadbeat (DB). The study contributes to theoretical formulations, detailed system modeling, and controller tuning procedures, promoting a comprehensive understanding of their structures and performance. The strategies are investigated and compared in both the rotating ( d q ) and stationary ( α β ) reference frames, offering a broad perspective on system behavior under various operating conditions. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of the PR controller is presented, highlighting its potential to regulate both positive- and negative-sequence components. This enables the development of more effective and robust tuning methodologies for steady-state and dynamic scenarios. The evaluation is conducted under three main conditions: steady-state operation, transient response to input power variations, and robustness analysis in the presence of grid parameter changes. The study examines the impact of each controller on the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current, as well as on system stability margins and dynamic performance. Practical aspects that are often overlooked are also addressed, such as the modeling of the inverter and photovoltaic generator, the implementation of space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM), and the influence of the output LC filter capacitor. The control structures under analysis are validated through numerical simulations performed in MatLab® software (R2021b) using dedicated computational routines, enabling the identification of strategies that enhance performance and ensure compliance of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Performance Analysis of Multivariable Control Structures Applied to a Neutral Point Clamped Converter in PV Systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ribeiro+Junior%2C+Renato+Santana%22">Ribeiro Junior, Renato Santana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> renato.santana.junior@ee.ufcg.edu.br</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Machado%2C+Eubis+Pereira%22">Machado, Eubis Pereira</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernandes+Júnior%2C+Damásio%22">Fernandes Júnior, Damásio</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barros%2C+Tárcio+André+dos+Santos%22">Barros, Tárcio André dos Santos</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Costa%2C+Flavio+Bezerra%22">Costa, Flavio Bezerra</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 18 Issue 16, p4394. 27p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+systems%22">Photovoltaic power systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariable+control+systems%22">Multivariable control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Automatic+control+systems%22">Automatic control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+performance%22">Computer performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+current+converters%22">Electric current converters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+impedance%22">Electric impedance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pulse+width+modulation%22">Pulse width modulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Harmonic+distortion+%28Physics%29%22">Harmonic distortion (Physics)</searchLink>
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  Data: This paper addresses the challenges encountered by grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, including the stochastic behavior of the system, harmonic distortion, and variations in grid impedance. To this end, an in-depth technical and pedagogical analysis of three linear multivariable current control strategies is performed: proportional-integral (PI), proportional-resonant (PR), and deadbeat (DB). The study contributes to theoretical formulations, detailed system modeling, and controller tuning procedures, promoting a comprehensive understanding of their structures and performance. The strategies are investigated and compared in both the rotating ( d q ) and stationary ( α β ) reference frames, offering a broad perspective on system behavior under various operating conditions. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of the PR controller is presented, highlighting its potential to regulate both positive- and negative-sequence components. This enables the development of more effective and robust tuning methodologies for steady-state and dynamic scenarios. The evaluation is conducted under three main conditions: steady-state operation, transient response to input power variations, and robustness analysis in the presence of grid parameter changes. The study examines the impact of each controller on the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current, as well as on system stability margins and dynamic performance. Practical aspects that are often overlooked are also addressed, such as the modeling of the inverter and photovoltaic generator, the implementation of space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM), and the influence of the output LC filter capacitor. The control structures under analysis are validated through numerical simulations performed in MatLab® software (R2021b) using dedicated computational routines, enabling the identification of strategies that enhance performance and ensure compliance of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/en18164394
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 27
        StartPage: 4394
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multivariable control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Automatic control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric current converters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric impedance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pulse width modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Harmonic distortion (Physics)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Performance Analysis of Multivariable Control Structures Applied to a Neutral Point Clamped Converter in PV Systems.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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