The Influence of Air Gap Length on the Characteristics and Performance of Hybrid Polyethersulfone/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Fiber Membrane for Humic Acid Removal.
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| Title: | The Influence of Air Gap Length on the Characteristics and Performance of Hybrid Polyethersulfone/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Fiber Membrane for Humic Acid Removal. |
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| Authors: | C. Mahmud, Nor Azura1 (AUTHOR), Saufi, Syed M.1 (AUTHOR) smsaufi@umpsa.edu.my, Abu Seman, Mazrul Nizam1 (AUTHOR), Takriff, Mohd Sobri2 (AUTHOR), Ang, Wei Lun3 (AUTHOR), Ab Latiff, Mohd Helmi4 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering. May/Jun2025, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p1-13. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Humic acid, Polyethersulfone, Fouling, Biological membranes, Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Cellulose nanocrystals, Composite membranes (Chemistry) |
| Abstract: | Ready‐made or commercial hollow fiber (HF) membranes have limited performance for removing humic acid (HA) from water streams unless they undergo surface modification. Alternatively, a membrane can be tailor‐made specifically for HA removal by developing a new formulation and adjusting its fabrication parameters. In this study, to enhance the performance and antifouling properties of HF membranes, a hybrid membrane was developed by blending polyethersulfone (PES) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The effect of air gap length during the dry–wet spinning process was investigated, ranging from 3 cm to 12 cm, to regulate the properties of the hybrid membrane. The membranes were evaluated in terms of morphology (FESEM and AFM), porosity, and hydrophilicity (contact angle). Water flux, HA rejection, and flux recovery ratio (FRR) were also measured. The air gap length significantly influenced the fiber structure, with the finger‐like structure expanding from the outer surface to the center of the fiber as the air gap extended up to 9 cm. This increase in air gap length resulted in a significant reduction in porosity, decreasing from 75.59% to 43.45%, while simultaneously enhancing the contact angle from 78° to 89.60°. The membrane produced at a 9 cm air gap length exhibited the best performance, with a pure water flux of 15.83 LMH, HA rejection over 95%, and a high FRR of 98.78%. The synergistic effect of combining CNC with MWCNT and simply adjusting the air gap distance proves to be an effective approach for preparing custom‐made HF membranes for HA removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 187575233 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The Influence of Air Gap Length on the Characteristics and Performance of Hybrid Polyethersulfone/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Fiber Membrane for Humic Acid Removal. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22C%2E Mahmud%2C+Nor Azura%22">C. Mahmud, Nor Azura</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saufi%2C+Syed M%2E%22">Saufi, Syed M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> smsaufi@umpsa.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abu Seman%2C+Mazrul Nizam%22">Abu Seman, Mazrul Nizam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takriff%2C+Mohd Sobri%22">Takriff, Mohd Sobri</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ang%2C+Wei Lun%22">Ang, Wei Lun</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ab Latiff%2C+Mohd Helmi%22">Ab Latiff, Mohd Helmi</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Asia-Pacific+Journal+of+Chemical+Engineering%22">Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering</searchLink>. May/Jun2025, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p1-13. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Humic+acid%22">Humic acid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethersulfone%22">Polyethersulfone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fouling%22">Fouling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+membranes%22">Biological membranes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiwalled+carbon+nanotubes%22">Multiwalled carbon nanotubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cellulose+nanocrystals%22">Cellulose nanocrystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+membranes+%28Chemistry%29%22">Composite membranes (Chemistry)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Ready‐made or commercial hollow fiber (HF) membranes have limited performance for removing humic acid (HA) from water streams unless they undergo surface modification. Alternatively, a membrane can be tailor‐made specifically for HA removal by developing a new formulation and adjusting its fabrication parameters. In this study, to enhance the performance and antifouling properties of HF membranes, a hybrid membrane was developed by blending polyethersulfone (PES) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The effect of air gap length during the dry–wet spinning process was investigated, ranging from 3 cm to 12 cm, to regulate the properties of the hybrid membrane. The membranes were evaluated in terms of morphology (FESEM and AFM), porosity, and hydrophilicity (contact angle). Water flux, HA rejection, and flux recovery ratio (FRR) were also measured. The air gap length significantly influenced the fiber structure, with the finger‐like structure expanding from the outer surface to the center of the fiber as the air gap extended up to 9 cm. This increase in air gap length resulted in a significant reduction in porosity, decreasing from 75.59% to 43.45%, while simultaneously enhancing the contact angle from 78° to 89.60°. The membrane produced at a 9 cm air gap length exhibited the best performance, with a pure water flux of 15.83 LMH, HA rejection over 95%, and a high FRR of 98.78%. The synergistic effect of combining CNC with MWCNT and simply adjusting the air gap distance proves to be an effective approach for preparing custom‐made HF membranes for HA removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1002/apj.3187 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Humic acid Type: general – SubjectFull: Polyethersulfone Type: general – SubjectFull: Fouling Type: general – SubjectFull: Biological membranes Type: general – SubjectFull: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes Type: general – SubjectFull: Cellulose nanocrystals Type: general – SubjectFull: Composite membranes (Chemistry) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The Influence of Air Gap Length on the Characteristics and Performance of Hybrid Polyethersulfone/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Fiber Membrane for Humic Acid Removal. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: C. Mahmud, Nor Azura – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Saufi, Syed M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Abu Seman, Mazrul Nizam – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Takriff, Mohd Sobri – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ang, Wei Lun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ab Latiff, Mohd Helmi IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: May/Jun2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19322135 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 20 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
