View in EDS HTML Full Text PDF Full Text

Synthesis of Tetragonal BaTiO 3 Nanoparticles in Methanol.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Synthesis of Tetragonal BaTiO 3 Nanoparticles in Methanol.
Authors: Mohamed-Noriega, Nasser1,2 (AUTHOR) nasser.mohamednr@uanl.edu.mx, Grothe, Julia1,2 (AUTHOR), Kaskel, Stefan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Aug2025, Vol. 15 Issue 16, p1226. 18p.
Subjects: Barium titanate, Methanol, Raman spectroscopy, Nanoparticles, Chemical synthesis, Dielectric properties, Hydrothermal synthesis, Tetragonal crystal system
Abstract: BaTiO3 (BT) is an essential material for many applications due to its dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties; nevertheless, it has been reported to possess a "critical size" in the nanoscale below which its outstanding properties are lost and the paraelectric cubic phase is stabilized at room temperature instead of the tetragonal phase. This value depends on multiple factors, mostly resulting from the synthesis route and conditions. Especially, internal stresses are known to promote the loss of tetragonality. Stresses are commonly present in water-containing synthesis routes because of the incorporation of hydroxyl groups into the oxygen sublattice of BaTiO3. On the other hand, the use of an organic solvent instead of water as a reaction medium overcomes the mentioned problem. This work presents a one-pot water-free solvothermal treatment of a Ti(O-iPr)4-Ba(OH)2·8H2O sol in methanol in the presence of small amounts of oleic acid, which allows the synthesis of spherical crystalline BT nanoparticles (from ~12 nm to ~30 nm in diameter) at temperatures as low as 100 °C with a cubic/tetragonal crystal structure confirmed by powder XRD, but predominantly tetragonal according to the Raman spectra. The retention of the tetragonal crystal structure is attributed to the lack of lattice hydroxyls (confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy) resulting from the use of an organic solvent (methanol) as reaction medium. To the best of the author's knowledge, this synthesis approach is the first report of tetragonal BT nanoparticles synthesized in methanol without the addition of extra water and without the need for a post-synthetic calcination step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
Full text is not displayed to guests.
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 1
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 187612596
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Synthesis of Tetragonal BaTiO 3 Nanoparticles in Methanol.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohamed-Noriega%2C+Nasser%22">Mohamed-Noriega, Nasser</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nasser.mohamednr@uanl.edu.mx</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grothe%2C+Julia%22">Grothe, Julia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaskel%2C+Stefan%22">Kaskel, Stefan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 15 Issue 16, p1226. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barium+titanate%22">Barium titanate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methanol%22">Methanol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raman+spectroscopy%22">Raman spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+synthesis%22">Chemical synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dielectric+properties%22">Dielectric properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+synthesis%22">Hydrothermal synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tetragonal+crystal+system%22">Tetragonal crystal system</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BaTiO3 (BT) is an essential material for many applications due to its dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties; nevertheless, it has been reported to possess a "critical size" in the nanoscale below which its outstanding properties are lost and the paraelectric cubic phase is stabilized at room temperature instead of the tetragonal phase. This value depends on multiple factors, mostly resulting from the synthesis route and conditions. Especially, internal stresses are known to promote the loss of tetragonality. Stresses are commonly present in water-containing synthesis routes because of the incorporation of hydroxyl groups into the oxygen sublattice of BaTiO3. On the other hand, the use of an organic solvent instead of water as a reaction medium overcomes the mentioned problem. This work presents a one-pot water-free solvothermal treatment of a Ti(O-iPr)4-Ba(OH)2·8H2O sol in methanol in the presence of small amounts of oleic acid, which allows the synthesis of spherical crystalline BT nanoparticles (from ~12 nm to ~30 nm in diameter) at temperatures as low as 100 °C with a cubic/tetragonal crystal structure confirmed by powder XRD, but predominantly tetragonal according to the Raman spectra. The retention of the tetragonal crystal structure is attributed to the lack of lattice hydroxyls (confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy) resulting from the use of an organic solvent (methanol) as reaction medium. To the best of the author's knowledge, this synthesis approach is the first report of tetragonal BT nanoparticles synthesized in methanol without the addition of extra water and without the need for a post-synthetic calcination step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=187612596
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano15161226
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1226
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Barium titanate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Methanol
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Raman spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dielectric properties
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tetragonal crystal system
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Synthesis of Tetragonal BaTiO 3 Nanoparticles in Methanol.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Mohamed-Noriega, Nasser
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Grothe, Julia
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kaskel, Stefan
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 20794991
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 15
            – Type: issue
              Value: 16
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Nanomaterials (2079-4991)
              Type: main
ResultId 1