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Toward National Guidelines for Biodegradable and Compostable Bioplastics: A Case Study in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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Title: Toward National Guidelines for Biodegradable and Compostable Bioplastics: A Case Study in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Authors: Mahadi, Zurina1 (AUTHOR), Yahya, Emirul Adzhar2 (AUTHOR), Yaacob, Mashitoh1 (AUTHOR), Mustafa Din, Wardah1,2 (AUTHOR), Arham, Ahmad Firdhaus1,2 (AUTHOR), Hasim, Nur Asmadayana1,2 (AUTHOR) asmadayana@ukm.edu.my
Source: Polymers (20734360). Aug2025, Vol. 17 Issue 16, p2165. 21p.
Subjects: Biodegradable plastics, Compostable materials, Stakeholder analysis, Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations), Sustainability, Malaysians, Standards, Biodegradable products
Geographic Terms: Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
Abstract: Malaysia has committed to phasing out single-use plastics as part of its national sustainability agenda; however, the specific regulatory guidelines for implementing biodegradable and compostable bioplastics remain underdeveloped. This study aims to formulate practical and scalable guidelines for biodegradable and compostable bioplastic products, with a focus on the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur as a pilot case. Using a stakeholder-driven approach, a series of focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted with key representatives from government bodies and the bioplastics industry. The guideline development process encompassed the identification and standardisation of terminology, definition of scope, certification frameworks, regulatory alignment, implementation strategies, and compliance mechanisms. The findings reveal a consensus among stakeholders on the need for clear and harmonised definitions to prevent ambiguity, as well as for certification protocols and enforcement mechanisms to align with existing legal frameworks. Revisions were proposed to terms, scope, and timelines to ensure legal compatibility and practical enforceability. The proposed guideline framework offers substantial potential for national adoption, contingent on inclusive stakeholder engagement across all Malaysian states to ensure uniformity and contextual relevance in its implementation. This study advances Malaysia's SDG commitments by promoting sustainable bioplastics guidelines, encouraging national adoption through stakeholder engagement, and emphasising future integration of the life cycle assessment (LCA) to enhance the policy's impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Toward National Guidelines for Biodegradable and Compostable Bioplastics: A Case Study in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 17 Issue 16, p2165. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodegradable+plastics%22">Biodegradable plastics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compostable+materials%22">Compostable materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stakeholder+analysis%22">Stakeholder analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+Development+Goals+%28United+Nations%29%22">Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Malaysians%22">Malaysians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standards%22">Standards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodegradable+products%22">Biodegradable products</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Malaysia%22">Malaysia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kuala+Lumpur+%28Malaysia%29%22">Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Malaysia has committed to phasing out single-use plastics as part of its national sustainability agenda; however, the specific regulatory guidelines for implementing biodegradable and compostable bioplastics remain underdeveloped. This study aims to formulate practical and scalable guidelines for biodegradable and compostable bioplastic products, with a focus on the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur as a pilot case. Using a stakeholder-driven approach, a series of focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted with key representatives from government bodies and the bioplastics industry. The guideline development process encompassed the identification and standardisation of terminology, definition of scope, certification frameworks, regulatory alignment, implementation strategies, and compliance mechanisms. The findings reveal a consensus among stakeholders on the need for clear and harmonised definitions to prevent ambiguity, as well as for certification protocols and enforcement mechanisms to align with existing legal frameworks. Revisions were proposed to terms, scope, and timelines to ensure legal compatibility and practical enforceability. The proposed guideline framework offers substantial potential for national adoption, contingent on inclusive stakeholder engagement across all Malaysian states to ensure uniformity and contextual relevance in its implementation. This study advances Malaysia's SDG commitments by promoting sustainable bioplastics guidelines, encouraging national adoption through stakeholder engagement, and emphasising future integration of the life cycle assessment (LCA) to enhance the policy's impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym17162165
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 2165
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biodegradable plastics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compostable materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stakeholder analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sustainability
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      – SubjectFull: Malaysians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biodegradable products
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      – SubjectFull: Malaysia
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      – SubjectFull: Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Toward National Guidelines for Biodegradable and Compostable Bioplastics: A Case Study in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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            NameFull: Mahadi, Zurina
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              Text: Aug2025
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              Y: 2025
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