ICESat-2 Water Photon Denoising and Water Level Extraction Method Combining Elevation Difference Exponential Attenuation Model with Hough Transform.

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Title: ICESat-2 Water Photon Denoising and Water Level Extraction Method Combining Elevation Difference Exponential Attenuation Model with Hough Transform.
Authors: Ju, Xilai1 (AUTHOR), Li, Yongjian2 (AUTHOR), Ji, Song2,3 (AUTHOR), Gong, Danchao3,4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Hao4,5 (AUTHOR), Yan, Zhen1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xining2,5 (AUTHOR) liuxining@mail.cgs.gov.cn, Niu, Hao3,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Remote Sensing. Aug2025, Vol. 17 Issue 16, p2885. 25p.
Subjects: Water levels, Hough transforms, Water quality monitoring, Image processing, Signal denoising, Curve fitting, Statistical models
Abstract: For addressing the technical challenges of photon denoising and water level extraction in ICESat-2 satellite-based water monitoring applications, this paper proposes an innovative solution integrating Gaussian function fitting with Hough transform. The method first employs histogram Gaussian fitting to achieve coarse denoising of water body regions. Subsequently, a probability attenuation model based on elevation differences between adjacent photons is constructed to accomplish refined denoising through iterative optimization of adaptive thresholds. Building upon this foundation, the Hough transform technique from image processing is introduced into photon cloud processing, enabling robust water level extraction from ICESat-2 data. Through rasterization, discrete photon distributions are converted into image space, where straight lines conforming to the photon distribution are then mapped as intersection points of sinusoidal curves in Hough space. Leveraging the noise-resistant characteristics of the Hough space accumulator, the interference from residual noise photons is effectively eliminated, thereby achieving high-precision water level line extraction. Experiments were conducted across five typical water bodies (Qinghai Lake, Long Land, Ganquan Island, Qilian Yu Islands, and Miyun Reservoir). The results demonstrate that the proposed denoising method outperforms DBSCAN and OPTICS algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and computational efficiency. In water level estimation, the absolute error of the Hough transform-based line detection method remains below 2 cm, significantly surpassing the performance of mean value, median value, and RANSAC algorithms. This study provides a novel technical framework for effective global water level monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: ICESat-2 Water Photon Denoising and Water Level Extraction Method Combining Elevation Difference Exponential Attenuation Model with Hough Transform.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 17 Issue 16, p2885. 25p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+levels%22">Water levels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hough+transforms%22">Hough transforms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+quality+monitoring%22">Water quality monitoring</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+processing%22">Image processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+denoising%22">Signal denoising</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Curve+fitting%22">Curve fitting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+models%22">Statistical models</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: For addressing the technical challenges of photon denoising and water level extraction in ICESat-2 satellite-based water monitoring applications, this paper proposes an innovative solution integrating Gaussian function fitting with Hough transform. The method first employs histogram Gaussian fitting to achieve coarse denoising of water body regions. Subsequently, a probability attenuation model based on elevation differences between adjacent photons is constructed to accomplish refined denoising through iterative optimization of adaptive thresholds. Building upon this foundation, the Hough transform technique from image processing is introduced into photon cloud processing, enabling robust water level extraction from ICESat-2 data. Through rasterization, discrete photon distributions are converted into image space, where straight lines conforming to the photon distribution are then mapped as intersection points of sinusoidal curves in Hough space. Leveraging the noise-resistant characteristics of the Hough space accumulator, the interference from residual noise photons is effectively eliminated, thereby achieving high-precision water level line extraction. Experiments were conducted across five typical water bodies (Qinghai Lake, Long Land, Ganquan Island, Qilian Yu Islands, and Miyun Reservoir). The results demonstrate that the proposed denoising method outperforms DBSCAN and OPTICS algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and computational efficiency. In water level estimation, the absolute error of the Hough transform-based line detection method remains below 2 cm, significantly surpassing the performance of mean value, median value, and RANSAC algorithms. This study provides a novel technical framework for effective global water level monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs17162885
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      – SubjectFull: Water quality monitoring
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      – SubjectFull: Image processing
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      – SubjectFull: Signal denoising
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      – SubjectFull: Curve fitting
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical models
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      – TitleFull: ICESat-2 Water Photon Denoising and Water Level Extraction Method Combining Elevation Difference Exponential Attenuation Model with Hough Transform.
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              Text: Aug2025
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