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Frequency handling by reinforcement of predictive 2DoF-MPC and state observer LADRC for smart power system.

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Title: Frequency handling by reinforcement of predictive 2DoF-MPC and state observer LADRC for smart power system.
Authors: Gulzar, Muhammad Majid1 (AUTHOR) muhammad.gulzar@kfupm.edu.sa
Source: ISA Transactions. Oct2025, Vol. 165, p128-142. 15p.
Subjects: Interconnected power systems, Predictive control systems, Renewable energy sources, Smart power grids, Supervisory control systems, Stability of linear systems, Frequency changers, Feedback control systems
Abstract: The preservation of stability is essential for the efficient and reliable functioning of the electrical transmission system. Frequency oscillations are prevalent in interconnected power systems (IPS) and may lead to instability; therefore, it is crucial to monitor and examine them meticulously. Effective frequency management is essential for regulating frequency output in an interconnected smart power system (ISPS) that includes renewable energy sources (RESs), redox flow batteries (RFBs) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSCs). In view of the challenge presented, this research introduces an efficient control architecture that utilizes a 2 degree of freedom-based model predictive controller (2DoF-MPC) to enhance system performance. Additionally, it integrates a linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) to employ a state observer alongside the evolving frequency management. The convergence of the predictive and state observer frameworks results in a robust 2DoF-MPC-LADRC to manage frequency disturbances and uncertainties in the power system. The suggested technique is thoroughly validated across several parameters for ISPS, instilling confidence in its capacity to attain minimal frequency variation in multiple scenarios. The performance of the proposed controller design shows that the frequency performance in area 1 and area 2 settles in 5.085 sec and 3.965 sec, when the load changes by 3 %, and it settles in 4.655 sec and 4.050 sec, respectively, when the load changes by 5 %. • An innovative design strategy that combines predictive and state estimation to improve the hybrid PS's performance. • The reinforcement based 2-DoF-MPC in conjunction with LADRC as state feedback to enhance the control output of the controller. • The pragmatic approach is established to handle parametric variation, uncertainties and disturbances in the HPS. • The HPS system accumulates PV, wind, ESS and thermal PS to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control design for the multi-area PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ISA Transactions is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Frequency handling by reinforcement of predictive 2DoF-MPC and state observer LADRC for smart power system.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interconnected+power+systems%22">Interconnected power systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictive+control+systems%22">Predictive control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smart+power+grids%22">Smart power grids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supervisory+control+systems%22">Supervisory control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stability+of+linear+systems%22">Stability of linear systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frequency+changers%22">Frequency changers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feedback+control+systems%22">Feedback control systems</searchLink>
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  Data: The preservation of stability is essential for the efficient and reliable functioning of the electrical transmission system. Frequency oscillations are prevalent in interconnected power systems (IPS) and may lead to instability; therefore, it is crucial to monitor and examine them meticulously. Effective frequency management is essential for regulating frequency output in an interconnected smart power system (ISPS) that includes renewable energy sources (RESs), redox flow batteries (RFBs) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSCs). In view of the challenge presented, this research introduces an efficient control architecture that utilizes a 2 degree of freedom-based model predictive controller (2DoF-MPC) to enhance system performance. Additionally, it integrates a linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) to employ a state observer alongside the evolving frequency management. The convergence of the predictive and state observer frameworks results in a robust 2DoF-MPC-LADRC to manage frequency disturbances and uncertainties in the power system. The suggested technique is thoroughly validated across several parameters for ISPS, instilling confidence in its capacity to attain minimal frequency variation in multiple scenarios. The performance of the proposed controller design shows that the frequency performance in area 1 and area 2 settles in 5.085 sec and 3.965 sec, when the load changes by 3 %, and it settles in 4.655 sec and 4.050 sec, respectively, when the load changes by 5 %. • An innovative design strategy that combines predictive and state estimation to improve the hybrid PS's performance. • The reinforcement based 2-DoF-MPC in conjunction with LADRC as state feedback to enhance the control output of the controller. • The pragmatic approach is established to handle parametric variation, uncertainties and disturbances in the HPS. • The HPS system accumulates PV, wind, ESS and thermal PS to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control design for the multi-area PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of ISA Transactions is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.046
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 128
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Interconnected power systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Predictive control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Smart power grids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supervisory control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stability of linear systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Frequency changers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Feedback control systems
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Frequency handling by reinforcement of predictive 2DoF-MPC and state observer LADRC for smart power system.
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            NameFull: Gulzar, Muhammad Majid
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 165
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