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Gain and bandwidth enhancement using superstrate loaded 2×2 circular-array antenna for X-Band and RADAR applications.

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Title: Gain and bandwidth enhancement using superstrate loaded 2×2 circular-array antenna for X-Band and RADAR applications.
Authors: Varshney, Atul1 (AUTHOR) atulgkvright@gmail.com, Gençoğlan, Duygu Nazan2 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Electronics. Oct2025, Vol. 112 Issue 10, p2166-2193. 28p.
Subjects: Radar, Antenna arrays, Fabry-Perot resonators, Microwave communication systems
Abstract: This article demonstrates the fabrication, and measurements of a corporate offset-fed 2 × 2 array electromagnetically coupled patch (EMCP) circular-antenna based on the Fabry-Perot cavity principle. Single element antenna has a low gain of 6.28 dBi and is enhanced to 13.45dBi by loading the array with a superstrate. The antenna parameters −10 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) and gain are improved by an air gap with 4-stacked circular patches and 4 stubs in the proposed design. The peak gain of the 2 × 2 array without superstrate was 8.88 dBi at 8.19 GHz, which is enhanced to 13.82 dBi at 9.55 GHz by parasitic loading and superstrate. The FBW of the proposed array antenna was enhanced by arranging four stubs between the 4-circles in the superstrate structure. The −10 dB FBW without stubs was 24.82% (7.62–9.73 GHz) and with stubs it became 38.47% (7.73–11.0 GHz). Adjustment of the height of the superstrate at 2.0 mm not only enhanced the gain and bandwidth but also advancement in the unidirectional radiation patterns. The array is prototyped is measured to validate the reflection coefficients and radiation characteristics and they found an excellent match with simulated results. The suggested array is most suitable for energy launchers in transitions, RADAR, military, satellite, X-band communications, and microwave laboratory applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Electronics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Gain and bandwidth enhancement using superstrate loaded 2×2 circular-array antenna for X-Band and RADAR applications.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Varshney%2C+Atul%22">Varshney, Atul</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> atulgkvright@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gençoğlan%2C+Duygu+Nazan%22">Gençoğlan, Duygu Nazan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Electronics%22">International Journal of Electronics</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 112 Issue 10, p2166-2193. 28p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radar%22">Radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antenna+arrays%22">Antenna arrays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fabry-Perot+resonators%22">Fabry-Perot resonators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microwave+communication+systems%22">Microwave communication systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This article demonstrates the fabrication, and measurements of a corporate offset-fed 2 × 2 array electromagnetically coupled patch (EMCP) circular-antenna based on the Fabry-Perot cavity principle. Single element antenna has a low gain of 6.28 dBi and is enhanced to 13.45dBi by loading the array with a superstrate. The antenna parameters −10 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) and gain are improved by an air gap with 4-stacked circular patches and 4 stubs in the proposed design. The peak gain of the 2 × 2 array without superstrate was 8.88 dBi at 8.19 GHz, which is enhanced to 13.82 dBi at 9.55 GHz by parasitic loading and superstrate. The FBW of the proposed array antenna was enhanced by arranging four stubs between the 4-circles in the superstrate structure. The −10 dB FBW without stubs was 24.82% (7.62–9.73 GHz) and with stubs it became 38.47% (7.73–11.0 GHz). Adjustment of the height of the superstrate at 2.0 mm not only enhanced the gain and bandwidth but also advancement in the unidirectional radiation patterns. The array is prototyped is measured to validate the reflection coefficients and radiation characteristics and they found an excellent match with simulated results. The suggested array is most suitable for energy launchers in transitions, RADAR, military, satellite, X-band communications, and microwave laboratory applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Electronics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00207217.2024.2431994
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 28
        StartPage: 2166
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Radar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antenna arrays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fabry-Perot resonators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microwave communication systems
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Gain and bandwidth enhancement using superstrate loaded 2×2 circular-array antenna for X-Band and RADAR applications.
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            NameFull: Varshney, Atul
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            NameFull: Gençoğlan, Duygu Nazan
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Electronics
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