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High cycle fatigue behavior and magnetic domain structure of non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels at Rσ = 0.1 and Rσ = −1.

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Title: High cycle fatigue behavior and magnetic domain structure of non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels at Rσ = 0.1 and Rσ = −1.
Authors: Backes, C.1 (AUTHOR) c.backes@mv.rptu.de, Smaga, M.1 (AUTHOR) m.smaga@mv.rptu.de, Beck, T.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Fatigue. Jan2026, Vol. 202, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: High cycle fatigue, Magnetic domain, Grain orientation (Materials), Material plasticity, Ratchets, Cyclic loads, Electrical steel
Abstract: [Display omitted] • Mechanical fatigue of non– and grain-oriented electrical steels studied at R σ = 0.1 and R σ = -1. • The stress ratio significantly influenced cyclic deformation behavior. • EBSD-derived GROD used to assess local plastic strain accumulation. • Domain refinement observed after cyclic loading at R σ = 0.1. • Reduced domain spacing linked to increased local misorientation. The high cycle fatigue behavior of a non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) and a grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES) was investigated under two loading conditions with respect to the rolling direction and the transverse direction. The deformation behavior under non-symmetric cyclic loading, i.e. R σ = 0.1 is characterized by strongly pronounced ratcheting. While ratcheting starts within the first cycle after overcoming the cyclic Lüders band propagation for NOES, the onset of ratcheting for GOES is delayed and starts after an incubation period. For symmetric cyclic loading, i.e. R σ = -1, an anti-buckling device was applied to the specimen. The cyclic deformation behavior was characterized by mostly elastic behavior in a saturated state with cyclic microplasticity leading to material failure. The investigation of the magnetic domain structure after cyclic loading revealed for NOES a refined domain structure of the specimens after non-symmetric cyclic loading due to higher amounts of plastic deformation. After symmetric cyclic loading, the magnetic domain structure was less altered due to the lower amount of plastic deformation from mostly elastic behavior during cyclic loading. The magnetic domain structures of GOES aligned with the loading direction after non-symmetric cyclic loading, whereas after symmetric cyclic loading there was no clear tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 187867689
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  Label: Title
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  Data: High cycle fatigue behavior and magnetic domain structure of non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels at Rσ = 0.1 and Rσ = −1.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Backes%2C+C%2E%22">Backes, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> c.backes@mv.rptu.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smaga%2C+M%2E%22">Smaga, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> m.smaga@mv.rptu.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beck%2C+T%2E%22">Beck, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Fatigue%22">International Journal of Fatigue</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 202, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+cycle+fatigue%22">High cycle fatigue</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+domain%22">Magnetic domain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grain+orientation+%28Materials%29%22">Grain orientation (Materials)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Material+plasticity%22">Material plasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ratchets%22">Ratchets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyclic+loads%22">Cyclic loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrical+steel%22">Electrical steel</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: [Display omitted] • Mechanical fatigue of non– and grain-oriented electrical steels studied at R σ = 0.1 and R σ = -1. • The stress ratio significantly influenced cyclic deformation behavior. • EBSD-derived GROD used to assess local plastic strain accumulation. • Domain refinement observed after cyclic loading at R σ = 0.1. • Reduced domain spacing linked to increased local misorientation. The high cycle fatigue behavior of a non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) and a grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES) was investigated under two loading conditions with respect to the rolling direction and the transverse direction. The deformation behavior under non-symmetric cyclic loading, i.e. R σ = 0.1 is characterized by strongly pronounced ratcheting. While ratcheting starts within the first cycle after overcoming the cyclic Lüders band propagation for NOES, the onset of ratcheting for GOES is delayed and starts after an incubation period. For symmetric cyclic loading, i.e. R σ = -1, an anti-buckling device was applied to the specimen. The cyclic deformation behavior was characterized by mostly elastic behavior in a saturated state with cyclic microplasticity leading to material failure. The investigation of the magnetic domain structure after cyclic loading revealed for NOES a refined domain structure of the specimens after non-symmetric cyclic loading due to higher amounts of plastic deformation. After symmetric cyclic loading, the magnetic domain structure was less altered due to the lower amount of plastic deformation from mostly elastic behavior during cyclic loading. The magnetic domain structures of GOES aligned with the loading direction after non-symmetric cyclic loading, whereas after symmetric cyclic loading there was no clear tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109251
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: High cycle fatigue
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic domain
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grain orientation (Materials)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Material plasticity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ratchets
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cyclic loads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrical steel
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: High cycle fatigue behavior and magnetic domain structure of non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels at Rσ = 0.1 and Rσ = −1.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Backes, C.
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            NameFull: Smaga, M.
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            NameFull: Beck, T.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 202
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Fatigue
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